{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T08:48:02Z","timestamp":1772268482996,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fish can detect and respond to a wide variety of cations in their environment, including copper. Most often fish will avoid copper during behavioural trials; however, fish may also show no response or an attraction response, depending on the concentration(s) used. While it may seem intuitive that the response to copper requires olfaction, there is little direct evidence to support this, and what evidence there is remains incomplete. In order to test if olfaction is required for avoidance of copper by fathead minnows (\n                    <jats:italic>Pimephales promelas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) copper-induced movement was compared between fish with an intact olfactory system and fish with induced anosmia. Fish in a control group or a mock-anosmic group avoided copper (approximately 10 \u00b5g\/L or 62.7 nM copper sulphate) while anosmic fish did not. The evidence demonstrates that an intact olfactory system is required for copper sensing in fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T03:57:54Z","timestamp":1664164674000},"page":"e13988","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Avoidance of copper by fathead minnows (\n                    <i>Pimephales promelas<\/i>\n                    ) requires an intact olfactory system"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rubab","family":"Fatima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0631-4276","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William A.","family":"Dew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. 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