{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:45:24Z","timestamp":1789055124878,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666828800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merit Review Awards","award":["#I01 CX000771 and #I01 CX001826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#I01 CX000771 and #I01 CX001826"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs Clinical Sciences Research and Development Service to CEM"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One personality type associated with poor health outcomes is distressed (Type D) personality which involves high levels of both social inhibition (SI) and negative affectivity (NA). Type D is also linked to psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety disorders, and depression. One mechanism through which personality temperament may result in these psychopathologies is avoidance. Recently, a computer-based measure designed to assess avoidant behaviors, in which the participant guides the behavior of an avatar interacting with strangers in social situations, has been found to be related to various forms of avoidance. In the current study, we extended this work with the avatar avoidance task to determine its relationship to distressed (Type D) personality. We hypothesized that Type D personality, along with SI, but not NA, would be positively related to avatar avoidance scores. We also hypothesized that avatar avoidance scores would be higher in Type D individuals than non-Type D individuals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 302 undergraduates completed the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14), and a computer-based avatar avoidance task.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Type D and SI, and NA to a lesser degree, were positively correlated with avoidance scores on the avatar task. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that Type D and SI scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores and education level while NA scores were best predicted by a model including avoidance scores. Standard cut-off scores on the DS-14 scale resulted in four groups (<jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>., low SI and NA, high SI, high NA, and Type D) which significantly differed in avoidance scores. Specifically, Type D individuals had higher avoidance scores than the other three groups. Taken together these findings support a role for avoidance in Type D personality. The computer-based avatar avoidance task may be particularly relevant as an ecologically valid measure to identify avoidance in a virtual setting for use with individuals expressing Type D personality who may be unwilling or unable to accurately self-report or describe their own avoidant tendencies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T07:38:26Z","timestamp":1666856306000},"page":"e14302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Distressed (Type D) personality is predicted by avoidance: evidence from a computer-based avatar task"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"M. Todd","family":"Allen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2776-4823","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University\u2014New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5330","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5330","article-title":"A computer-based avatar task designed to assess behavioral inhibition extends to behavioral avoidance but not cognitive avoidance","volume":"6","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11265","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.11265","article-title":"Explorations of avoidance and approach coping and perceived stress with a computer-based avatar task: detrimental effects of resignation and withdrawal","volume":"9","author":"Allen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00496","article-title":"Inhibited personality temperaments translated through enhanced avoidance and associative learning increase vulnerability for ptsd","volume":"10","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2018","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.02.035","article-title":"The distressed (Type D) personality factor of social inhibition, but not negative affectivity, enhances eyeblink conditioning","volume":"345","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01560","article-title":"Beyond behavioral inhibition, a computer avatar task designed to assess behavioral inhibition extends to harm avoidance","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2019.1618841","article-title":"A computer-based avatar task can differentiate avoidant and non-avoidant coping styles","volume":"32","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, & Coping"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-009-9152-0","article-title":"Type D personality and chronic pain: construct and concurrent validity of the DS14","volume":"16","author":"Barnett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1302_01","article-title":"Immersive virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology","volume":"13","author":"Blascovich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6","article-title":"You want to measure coping but your protocol is too long: consider the brief cope","volume":"4","author":"Carver","year":"1997","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267","article-title":"Assessing coping strategies: a theoretically based approach","volume":"56","author":"Carver","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.17547\/kjsr.2018.26.3.133","article-title":"Gender differences in Type D personality and mental health among Korean college entrants","volume":"26","author":"Cho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stress-the International Journal on The Biology of Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404","article-title":"A global measure of perceived stress","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000149256.81953.49","article-title":"DS14: standard assessment of negative affectivity, social inhibition, and Type D personality","volume":"67","author":"Denollet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.035","article-title":"The multidimensional nature of adult social inhibition: inhibition, sensitivity and withdrawal facets of the SIQ15","volume":"245","author":"Denollet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199511000-00011","article-title":"Personality and mortality after myocardial infarction","volume":"57","author":"Denollet","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"8999","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90007-0","article-title":"Personality as independent predictor of long-term mortality in patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"347","author":"Denollet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.630","article-title":"Inadequate response to treatment in coronary heart disease: adverse effects of Type D personality and younger age on 5-year prognosis and quality of life","volume":"102","author":"Denollet","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.10.015","article-title":"Comparing type-D personality and older age as correlates of tumor necrosis factor-a dysregulation in chronic heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Denollet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.107811","article-title":"Physiological and emotional responses to evaluative stress in socially inhibited young adults","volume":"149","author":"Duijndam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2021.1908541","article-title":"Situation selection and modification in social inhibition: a person-centered approach","volume":"34","author":"Duijndam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, & Coping"},{"issue":"5625","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2020.103141","article-title":"Social inhibition and approach-avoidance tendencies towards facial expressions","volume":"209","author":"Duijndam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-011-9271-2","article-title":"Perfectionism dimensions and dependency in relation to personality vulnerability and psychosocial adjustment in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"19","author":"Dunkley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1037\/1072-5245.15.1.94","article-title":"The role of gender and negative affectivity in stressor appraisal and coping selection","volume":"15","author":"Eaton","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Stress Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500120101577","article-title":"The brief approach\/avoidance coping questionnaire: development and validation","volume":"7","author":"Finset","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychology, Health & Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4892","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214892","article-title":"Type D personality and stomatognathic system disorders in physiotherapy students during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"10","author":"Gebska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.03.005","article-title":"Measuring a behaviorally inhibited temperament style: development and initial validation of new self-report measures","volume":"135","author":"Gladstone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-828376","article-title":"Evaluation of the German Type D scale (DS14) and prevalence of the Type D personality pattern in cardiological and psychosomatic patients and healthy subjects","volume":"54","author":"Grande","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.117151","article-title":"Depression and Type D personality among undergraduate medical students","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2012.00448.x","article-title":"The contributing role of negative affectivity and experiential avoidance to increased cardiovascular risk","volume":"6","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social and Personality Psychology Compass"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.2307\/1130685","article-title":"The physiology and psychology of behavioral inhibition in children","volume":"58","author":"Kagan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-31","first-page":"362","article-title":"Prevalence of distressed personality in patients with coronary artery disease and its correlation with morbidity after coronary surgery","volume":"54","author":"Kelpis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hellenic Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1905-0","article-title":"Distressed personality is associated with lower psychological well-being and life satisfaction, but not disability or disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"31","author":"Klaassen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-013-9350-x","article-title":"Type D personality is associated with social anxiety in the general population","volume":"21","author":"Kupper","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.09.006","article-title":"Explaining heterogeneity in the predictive value of Type D personality for cardiac events and mortality","volume":"224","author":"Kupper","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e318149f4a7","article-title":"Heritability of Type-D personality","volume":"69","author":"Kupper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.01.011","article-title":"Type D personality is associated with low cardiovascular reactivity to acute mental stress in heart failure patients","volume":"90","author":"Kupper","year":"2013a","journal-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.084","article-title":"Cross-cultural analysis of Type D (distressed) personality in 6222 patients with ischemic heart disease: a study from the international HeartQoL project","volume":"166","author":"Kupper","year":"2013b","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2021.04.002","article-title":"A systematic review comparing two popular methods to assess a Type D personality effect","volume":"71","author":"Lodder","year":"2021","journal-title":"General Hospital Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.06.005","article-title":"Type D personality is a stable taxonomy in post-MI patients over an 18-month period","volume":"63","author":"Martens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1320","article-title":"The \u2018distressed\u2019 personality, coping and cardiovascular risk","volume":"27","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-010-9096-7","article-title":"Type D personality, temperament, and mental health in military personnel awaiting deployment","volume":"18","author":"Mommersteeg","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-006-0062-7","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition: a neurobiological perspective","volume":"8","author":"Morgan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Psychiatric Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.067","article-title":"Watch what I do, not what I say I do: computer-based avatars to assess behavioral inhibition, a vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders","volume":"55","author":"Myers","year":"2016a","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1080\/10253890.2016.1232385","article-title":"Beyond symptom self-report: use of a computer avatar to assess post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms","volume":"19","author":"Myers","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Stress-the International Journal on the Biology of Stress"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-45","first-page":"307","article-title":"Type D personality, coping with stress and intensity of PTSD symptoms in firefighters","volume":"58","author":"Oginiska-Bulik","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medycyna Pracy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00614-7","article-title":"Validity of the type D personality construct in Danish post-mi patients and healthy controls","volume":"57","author":"Pedersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000132874.52202.21","article-title":"Type D personality is associated with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator and their partners","volume":"66","author":"Pedersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-008-9022-4","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for the cross-cultural utility of the Type D personality construct in the Ukraine","volume":"16","author":"Pedersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1348\/135910709X479069","article-title":"Type D personality, stress, and symptoms of burnout: The influence of avoidance coping and social support","volume":"15","author":"Polman","year":"2010","journal-title":"British Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021806","article-title":"Type D personality and the development of PTSD symptoms: a prospective study","volume":"120","author":"Rademaker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"article1513","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01513","article-title":"Stress-related mental health symptoms and neurocognitive function in active duty Coast Guard personnel","volume":"8","author":"Servatius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0204-2","article-title":"Type D personality, mental distress, social support and health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients with heart failure: a longitudinal observational study","volume":"13","author":"Staniute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-46","article-title":"Health inequalities in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study of the role of Type D (distressed) personality","volume":"12","author":"van Bon-Martens","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013314","article-title":"Knowing me, knowing you: the accuracy and unique predictive validity of self-ratings and other-ratings of daily behavior","volume":"95","author":"Vazire","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-55","first-page":"46","article-title":"Type D personality in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"26","author":"Vukovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.11.005","article-title":"Cortisol awakening response is elevated in acute coronary syndrome patients with type-D personality","volume":"62","author":"Whitehead","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2008.00454.x","article-title":"Relatively strong automatic appetitive action-tendencies in male carriers of the OPRM1 G-allele","volume":"8","author":"Wiers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes, Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.06.008","article-title":"Type-D personality mechanisms of effect: the role of health-related behavior and social support","volume":"64","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14302\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2012.667098","article-title":"Type D personality, physical symptoms and subjective stress: The mediating effects of coping and social support","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14302.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14302.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14302.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]],"date-time":"2022-10-27T07:38:44Z","timestamp":1666856324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.14302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.14302","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,27]]},"article-number":"e14302"}}