{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:54:57Z","timestamp":1785495297275,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670198400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Slovenian Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["L5-1845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L5-1845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Internal Research Programme KINSPO","award":["2990\u20131-2\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2990\u20131-2\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>How the modification of saddle fitting parameters in horse riding affects rider\u2019s kinetics is very uncertain. The aim of this study is to describe how manipulating the two main adjustments that an end-user is likely to perform (saddle tilt and stirrup length) affects the biomechanics of a horse rider on a living horse.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Eleven showjumpers volunteered to take part in this study. Each participant performed a 120-strides standardization trial at trot and canter, with 0\u00b0 saddle tilt and stirrup length that would position the rider\u2019s knee at 90\u00b0. Following the standardization trial, four interventions were performed, which consisted of 60 strides with 60 mm shorter stirrups, 60 mm longer stirrups, 4\u00b0 forward tilted saddle and 4\u00b0 backward tilted saddle. Stirrup and rein tension forces were measured with tension loadcells. A symmetry index was calculated. Acceleration was measured with inertial measuring units at the helmet and back of the rider and shock attenuation was calculated.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Shortening the stirrups and adjusting saddle tilt significantly enhanced shock attenuation at canter and increased force on the stirrups at trot and canter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Lowering the stirrups reduced rein tension forces (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). At trot, adjusting saddle tilt and stirrup length enhanced symmetry index on the bit (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). These results allowed for general guidelines to be proposed, although individualization became an evident part of any saddle setup design due to a high inter-subject variability.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T09:04:42Z","timestamp":1670231082000},"page":"e14438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of saddle tilt and stirrup length on the kinetics of horseback riders"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Elmeua Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nejc","family":"\u0160arabon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia"},{"name":"Laboratory for Motor Control and Motor Behaviour, 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