{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T13:13:22Z","timestamp":1766754802146},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","award":["LH2019C073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LH2019C073"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>MiR-155 and CTLA-4 are important factors involved in the regulation of immune function. However, there is no report about their involvement in function regulation of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response. In this study, the chicken model of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response (simulation with dexamethasone and immunization with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) attenuated vaccine) was established, then the expression characteristics of miR-155 and <jats:italic>CTLA-4<\/jats:italic> gene were analyzed at several key time points during the processes of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting NDV vaccine immune response at serum and tissue levels. The results showed that miR-155 and <jats:italic>CTLA-4<\/jats:italic> were the key factors involved in stress-induced immunosuppression and NDV immune response, whose functions involved in the regulation of immune function were different in different tissues and time points, and 2 day post immunization (dpi), 5dpi and 21dpi were the possible key regulatory time points. <jats:italic>CTLA-4<\/jats:italic>, the target gene of miR-155, had significant game regulation relationships between them in various tissues, such as bursa of <jats:italic>Fabricius<\/jats:italic>, thymus and liver, indicating that miR-155-CTLA-4 pathway was one of the main mechanisms of their involvement in the regulations of stress-induced immunosuppression affecting NDV immune response. This study can lay the foundation for in-depth exploration of miR-155-CTLA-4 pathway involved in the regulation of immune function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T08:16:49Z","timestamp":1677485809000},"page":"e14529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Stress-induced immunosuppression affecting immune response to Newcastle disease virus vaccine through \u201cmiR-155-CTLA-4\u201d pathway in chickens"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harbin Normal 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