{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:46:45Z","timestamp":1791478005177,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Gansu","award":["21YF5FA126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YF5FA126"]}]},{"name":"Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital","award":["CY2018-MS10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY2018-MS10"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperuricemia and gout are a group of disorders of purine metabolism. In recent years, the incidence of hyperuricemia and gout has been increasing, which is a severe threat to people\u2019s health. Several studies on hyperuricemia and gout in proteomics and metabolomics have been conducted recently. Some literature has identified biomarkers that distinguish asymptomatic hyperuricemia from acute gout or remission of gout. We summarize the physiological processes in which these biomarkers may be involved and their role in disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used professional databases including PubMed, Web of Science to conduct the literature review. This review addresses the current landscape of hyperuricemia and gout biomarkers with a focus on proteomics and metabolomics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Proteomic methods are used to identify differentially expressed proteins to find specific biomarkers. These findings may be suggestive for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout to explore the disease pathogenesis. The identified biomarkers may be mediators of the link between hyperuricemia, gout and kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Metabolomics reveals the main influential pathways through small molecule metabolites, such as amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, or other characteristic metabolic pathways. These studies have contributed to the discovery of Chinese medicine. Some traditional Chinese medicine compounds can improve the metabolic disorders of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We suggest some possible relationships of potential biomarkers with inflammatory episodes, complement activation, and metabolic pathways. These biomarkers are able to distinguish between different stages of disease development. However, there are relatively few proteomic as well as metabolomic studies on hyperuricemia and gout, and some experiments are only primary screening tests, which need further in-depth study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T03:53:06Z","timestamp":1672977186000},"page":"e14554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The biomarkers discovery of hyperuricemia and gout: proteomics and metabolomics"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xinghong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongge","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14554\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0709684105","article-title":"ATP is released by monocytes stimulated with pathogen-sensing receptor ligands and induces IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in an autocrine way","volume":"105","author":"Alessandra Piccini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14554\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-020-0386-7","article-title":"Impact of Lesinurad and allopurinol on experimental Hyperuricemia in mice: biochemical, molecular and immunohistochemical study","volume":"21","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacology and 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