{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:44:31Z","timestamp":1774374271131,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PTDC_BIA-BMA_6363_2020, UIDB\/04423\/2020, UIDP\/04423\/2020 and CEECIND\/03501\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC_BIA-BMA_6363_2020, UIDB\/04423\/2020, UIDP\/04423\/2020 and CEECIND\/03501\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Ocean3R","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000064"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myxosporeans are widespread cnidarian parasites that usually parasitize fish as part of their complex life cycle, thus constituting a potential threat for the aquaculture industry. White seabream<jats:italic>Diplodus sargus<\/jats:italic>(L.) is a commercially valuable sparid fish reared in Southern European aquacultures. Nonetheless, knowledge on myxosporean infections potentially harming the sustainable production of this fish is extremely limited. In this study, a myxosporean survey was conducted on<jats:italic>D. sargus<\/jats:italic>specimens reared in two Southern Portuguese fish farms. Two coelozoic myxosporeans were detected infecting the gall bladder, and are herein reported based on microscopic and molecular procedures:<jats:italic>Ceratomyxa sargus<\/jats:italic>n. sp. and<jats:italic>Zschokkella auratis<\/jats:italic>Rocha et al., 2013, previously described from reared stocks of gilthead seabream<jats:italic>Sparus aurata<\/jats:italic>in the same geographic locality.<jats:italic>Ceratomyxa sargus<\/jats:italic>n. sp. is the 12<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>species of the genus to be reported from Southern European sparids, reinforcing a substantial radiation of<jats:italic>Ceratomyxa<\/jats:italic>within this fish family and geographic region. SSU rRNA-based Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses revealed<jats:italic>C. sargus<\/jats:italic>n. sp. positioned separately from other sparid-infecting<jats:italic>Ceratomyxa<\/jats:italic>spp. reported from Southern European countries, demonstrating that this species does not share a more immediate common ancestor with its closest relatives based on host affinity and geography. The recognition of a novel sparid-infecting lineage within the<jats:italic>Ceratomyxa<\/jats:italic>clade strengthens the contention that this genus entered sparid fish multiple times, namely in the Southern European region. The identification of<jats:italic>Zschokkella auratis<\/jats:italic>infections in<jats:italic>D. sargus<\/jats:italic>demonstrates that host shift has occurred among sparids reared in the Southern Portuguese coast. This agrees with the broad host specificity that is usually attributed to this genus, and that may be suggested to be the outcome of the capacity of the<jats:italic>Zschokkella<\/jats:italic>morphotype to undergo host shift\/switch based on our findings and the limited molecular data available for this genus. Thus, a better understanding of<jats:italic>Zschokkella<\/jats:italic>host-associated diversification and dispersal mechanisms requires the increasing availability of molecular data from infections of the same species occurring in multiple hosts and geographical locations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T08:47:55Z","timestamp":1673599675000},"page":"e14599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Occurrence of two myxosporean parasites in the gall bladder of white seabream<i>Diplodus sargus<\/i>(L.) (Teleostei, Sparidae), with the morphological and molecular description of<i>Ceratomyxa sargus<\/i>n. sp."],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Filipe Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Casal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"TOXRUN \u2013 Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florbela","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14599\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102433","article-title":"Two novel myxosporean parasite species of Ceratomyxa Th\u00e9lohan, 1892 from the banded cusk-eel Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) off Patagonia, Argentina","volume":"85","author":"Alama-Bermejo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitology International"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14599\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.012","article-title":"Host-parasite relationship of Ceratomyxa puntazzi n. sp. 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