{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:06:40Z","timestamp":1781143600236,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human population growth and industrialization contribute to increased pollution of wildlife habitats. Heavy metal exposure from industrial and environmental sources is still a threat to public health, increasing disease susceptibility. In this study, I investigated the effects of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) on kidney and bone density.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aims to determine the concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil and compare them to the levels of the same metals in\n                      <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      kidney tissue. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate the impact of heavy metals on bone density and fragility using the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) of\n                      <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in soil specimens collected from Tar Creek Superfund Site (TCSFS), Beaver Creek (BC), and two reference sites (Oologah Wildlife Management Area (OWMA) and Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR)). Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Micro-computed tomography (\u00b5CT) was used to assess the influence of heavy metals on bone fragility and density.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On the one hand, soil samples revealed that Pb is the most common pollutant in the sediment at all of the investigated sites (the highest contaminated site with Pb was TCSFS). Pb levels in the soil of TCSFS, BC, OWMA, and SNWR were found to be 1,132 \u00b1 278, 6.4 \u00b1 1.1, and 2.3 \u00b1 0.3 mg\/kg in the soil of TCSFS, BC and OWMA and SNWR, respectively. This is consistent with the fact that Pb is one of the less mobile heavy metals, causing its compounds to persist in soils and sediments and being barely influenced by microbial decomposition. On the other hand, the kidney samples revealed greater Cd levels, even higher than those found in the soil samples from the OWMA and SNWR sites. Cd concentrations in the kidney specimens were found to be 4.62 \u00b1 0.71, 0.53 \u00b1 0.08, and 0.53 \u00b1 0.06 \u00b5g\/kg, respectively. In addition, micro-CT analysis of L4 from TCSFS showed significant Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficients between Cd concentrations and trabecular bone number (\u22120.67,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05) and trabecular separation (0.72,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2264 0.05). The results showed no correlation between bone parameters and metal concentrations at reference sites. This study is one of the few that aims to employ bone architecture as an endpoint in the field of biomonitoring. Furthermore, this study confirmed some earlier research by demonstrating substantial levels of heavy metal contamination in soil samples, kidney samples, and\n                      <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      L4 trabecular bone separations from TCSFS. Moreover, this is the first study to record information regarding bone microarchitecture parameters in\n                      <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n                      in North America.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T03:26:05Z","timestamp":1671420365000},"page":"e14605","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using\n                    <i>Peromyscus leucopus<\/i>\n                    as a biomonitor to determine the impact of heavy metal exposure on the kidney and bone mineral density: results from the Tar Creek Superfund Site"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0031-4494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maha Abdulftah","family":"Elturki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-1","article-title":"Tar creek superfund site-Ottawa, Ok","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8763","article-title":"Cadmium-induced effects on bone in a population-based study of women","volume":"114","author":"\u00c5kesson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225341","article-title":"The heavy metals lead and cadmium are cytotoxic to human bone osteoblasts via induction of redox stress","volume":"14","author":"Al-Ghafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11325-7","article-title":"Wild black rats (Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758) as zoomonitor of genotoxicity and systemic toxicity induced by hazardous emissions from Abule Egba unsanitary landfill, Lagos, Nigeria","volume":"28","author":"Alimba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.12.141","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the extent of heavy-metal contamination in soils near Picher, Oklahoma, within the tar creek superfund site","volume":"172","author":"Beattie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1385\/bter:97:3:215","article-title":"Serum zinc and its relation to bone mineral density in \u03b2-thalassemic adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Bekheirnia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-6442-0","article-title":"Biomarker responses of Peromyscus leucopus exposed to lead and cadmium in the Southeast Missouri Lead Mining District","volume":"190","author":"Beyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-008-0313-y","article-title":"Carcinogenic metal compounds: recent insight into molecular and cellular mechanisms","volume":"82","author":"Beyersmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-9","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Toxic tourism at Tar Creek: the potential for environmental justice and tribal sovereignty through Indigenous-led tourism","author":"Bigby","year":"2021"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190722153305","article-title":"Long-term accumulation of metals in the skeleton as related to osteoporotic derangements","volume":"27","author":"Bj\u00f8rklund","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04691","article-title":"Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans","volume":"6","author":"Briffa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2007.0018","article-title":"Field test of in situ soil amendments at the tar creek national priorities list superfund site","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Quality"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108539","article-title":"Bone mineral health is sensitively related to environmental cadmium exposure-experimental and human data","volume":"176","author":"Buha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6555","article-title":"The association between environmental lead exposure and bone density in children","volume":"112","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02193-w","article-title":"Is zinc an important trace element on bone-related diseases and complications? A meta-analysis and systematic review from serum level, dietary intake, and supplementation aspects","volume":"199","author":"Ceylan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16342","article-title":"Impacts of heavy metal pollution on the ionomes and transcriptomes of Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)","volume":"31","author":"Coffin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815876-0.00044-9","article-title":"Chapter 44\u2014trace elements in chronic kidney disease","volume-title":"Chronic Renal Disease","author":"Davenport","year":"2020","edition":"2"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.136353","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variation of metals and organic contaminants in bank voles (Myodes glareolus)","volume":"713","author":"Ecke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.03.018","article-title":"Associations between dietary cadmium exposure and bone mineral density and risk of osteoporosis and fractures among women","volume":"50","author":"Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1583-8","article-title":"The impact of trace minerals on bone metabolism","volume":"188","author":"Gaffney-Stomberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-22","article-title":"The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health","volume":"1","author":"Godt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.09.009","article-title":"Bioremediation of cadmium induced renal toxicity in Rattus norvegicus by medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus","volume":"25","author":"Hashim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-23","article-title":"A participatory approach to tracing legacy metals to evaluate future public health risk from tar creek superfund site: integrating geochemistry with Tar Creek\u2019s political roots to study floodplain soils as a unique geochemical fate","author":"Hayhow","year":"2021"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05429-6","article-title":"Exposure to heavy metals and the risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Jalili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.09.025","article-title":"Accumulation of chemical elements in yellow-necked mice under a colony of great cormorants","volume":"213","author":"Jasiulionis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4326","article-title":"Do spatially explicit wildlife exposure models improve the estimation of risk for small mammals? Case study: application of spatially explicit exposure model to small mammal exposures to lead in heterogeneous landscapes","volume":"17","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-021-00887-9","article-title":"Association between blood cadmium levels and the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean post-menopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Archives of Osteoporosis"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-28","first-page":"223","article-title":"Environmental microwave sample preparation: fundamentals, methods, and applications. Microwave-enhanced chemistry: fundamentals, sample preparation and application Am Chem Soc","author":"Kingston","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2008.09.005","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity of kidney and bone tissues in south Australian adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus)","volume":"67","author":"Lavery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Marine Environmental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2000.15.1.13","article-title":"Trabecular bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, and vertebral fractures in male osteoporosis","volume":"15","author":"Legrand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13051","article-title":"The critical interplay between bone resorbing and bone forming cells","volume":"46","author":"Lerner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118043","article-title":"Cadmium exposure induces osteoporosis through cellular senescence, associated with activation of NF-\u03baB pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"290","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1310-1","article-title":"Heavy metal content in the femora of yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) from different types of polluted environment in slovakia","volume":"171","author":"Martiniakov\u00e1","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"coab085","DOI":"10.1093\/conphys\/coab085","article-title":"Soil pollution by heavy metals correlates with levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile","volume":"9","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conservation Physiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clwas.2022.100031","article-title":"Characterization of residual solids from mine water passive treatment oxidation ponds at the tar creek superfund site, Oklahoma, USA: potential for reuse or disposal","volume":"3","author":"McCann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cleaner Waste Systems"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146398","article-title":"Current permissible levels of metal pollutants harm terrestrial invertebrates","volume":"779","author":"Monchanin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-37","article-title":"Summary report of washed and unwashed mine tailings (chat) from two piles at the tar creek superfund site, Ottawa county, Oklahoma","author":"Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality","year":"2003"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6783","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186783","article-title":"Effects of toxic metal contamination in the tri-state mining district on the ecological community and human health: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031-161.1.57","article-title":"Ecological characteristics of small mammal communities at a superfund site","volume":"161","author":"Phelps","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Midland Naturalist"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1894\/MLK-08.1","article-title":"Population parameters of Promyscus leucopus (white-footed deermice) inhabiting a heavy metal contaminated superfund site","volume":"55","author":"Phelps","year":"2010","journal-title":"Southwestern Naturalist"},{"issue":"1962","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20211942","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2021.1942","article-title":"Effects of physical impairments on fitness correlates of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus","volume":"288","author":"Rubino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.22059\/poll.2022.339894.1386","article-title":"Biomarker responses in Sclerophrys regularis (Anura: Bufonidae) exposed to atrazine and nitrate","volume":"8","author":"Said","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pollution"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.06.047","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of metals and effects of a landfill in small mammals. Part II. The wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus","volume":"70","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Chardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22327","article-title":"Heavy metals accumulation affects bone microarchitecture in osteoporotic patients","volume":"32","author":"Scimeca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-45","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cadmium induced renal toxicity in male rats, Rattus rattus","volume":"15","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eastern Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.01.042","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of metals and effects of landfill pollution in small mammals. Part I. The greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula","volume":"68","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Chardi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113378","article-title":"Heavy metal accumulation and genotoxic effects in levant vole (Microtus guentheri) collected from contaminated areas due to mining activities","volume":"256","author":"Turna Demir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-48","article-title":"Method, 3051A, microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and oils","author":"United State Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-49","article-title":"Method, 6010B, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-50","article-title":"Tcsfs fact sheet, tar creek (Ottawa county)","author":"United States Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.3.553","article-title":"Influence of environmental cadmium exposure on forearm bone density","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111575","article-title":"Cadmium-induced kidney injury: oxidative damage as a unifying mechanism","volume":"11","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13055","article-title":"Simvastatin alleviates bone resorption in apical periodontitis possibly by inhibition of mitophagy-related osteoblast apoptosis","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Endodontic Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3109\/15376516.2012.702796","article-title":"Cadmium impact and osteoporosis: mechanism of action","volume":"22","author":"Youness","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14605\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7262","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147262","article-title":"Increased endocytosis of cadmium-metallothionein through the 24p3 receptor in an in vivo model with reduced proximal tubular activity","volume":"22","author":"Zavala-Guevara","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14605.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14605.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14605.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14605.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T03:26:14Z","timestamp":1671420374000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.14605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.14605","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.14605v0.2\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.14605v0.1\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.14605v0.1\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"article-number":"e14605"}}