{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T12:50:23Z","timestamp":1784811023551,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capes, Fapergs and CNPq","award":["FAPERGS\/MS\/CNPq-08\/2020-PPSUS-21\/2551-0000094-5, and FAPERGS-PqG-2017-17\/2551-0001038-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPERGS\/MS\/CNPq-08\/2020-PPSUS-21\/2551-0000094-5, and FAPERGS-PqG-2017-17\/2551-0001038-8"]}]},{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano-IRCCS"},{"name":"RESET research project, Ricerca Corrente IRCCS, Ministero della Salute, Italy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Walking speed is reduced with aging. However, it is not certain whether the reduced walking speed is associated with physical and coordination fitness. This study explores the physical and coordination determinants of the walking speed decline in older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One-hundred-eighty-seven active older women (72.2 \u00b1 6.8 years) were asked to perform a 10-m walk test (self-selected and maximal walking speed) and a battery of the Senior fitness test: lower body strength, lower body flexibility, agility\/dynamic balance, and aerobic endurance. Two parameters characterized the walking performance: closeness to the modeled speed minimizing the energetic cost per unit distance (locomotor rehabilitation index, LRI), and the ratio of step length to step cadence (walk ratio, WR). For dependent variables (self-selected and maximal walking speeds), a recursive partitioning algorithm (classification and regression tree) was adopted, highlighting interactions across all the independent variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were aged from 60 to 88 years, and their self-selected and maximal speeds declined by 22% and 26% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05), respectively. Similarly, all physical fitness variables worsened with aging (muscle strength: 33%; flexibility: 0 to \u22128 cm; balance: 22%; aerobic endurance: 12%; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.050). The predictors of maximal walking speed were only WR and balance. No meaningful predictions could be made using LRI and WR as dependent variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that at self-selected speed, the decrease in speed itself is sufficient to compensate for the age-related decline in the motor functions tested; by contrast, lowering the WR is required at maximal speed, presumably to prevent imbalance. Therefore, any excessive lowering of LRI and WR indicates loss of homeostasis of walking mechanics and invites diagnostic investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T03:32:02Z","timestamp":1678159922000},"page":"e14728","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Determinants of age-related decline in walking speed in older women"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5079-947X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Val\u00e9ria Feij\u00f3","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LaBiodin Biodynamics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Tesio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a Kruger","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LaBiodin Biodynamics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1742-5016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leonardo A.","family":"Peyr\u00e9-Tartaruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LaBiodin Biodynamics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14728\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0420-6","article-title":"The effect of aging on gait parameters in able-bodied older subjects: a literature review","volume":"28","author":"Aboutorabi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"5718","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14728\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111110","article-title":"Physiology. 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