{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:35:21Z","timestamp":1793957721950,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Fund","award":["81671416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671416"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, we established a model based on XGBoost to predict the risk of missed abortion in patients treated with\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), evaluated its prediction ability, and compared the model with the traditional logical regression model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 1,017 infertile women treated with IVF-ET. The independent risk factors were screened by performing a univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, and then, all cases were randomly divided into the training set and the test set in a 7:3 ratio for constructing and validating the model. We then constructed the prediction models by the traditional logical regression method and the XGBoost method and tested the prediction performance of the two models by resampling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results of the binary logistic regression analysis showed that several factors, including the age of men and women, abnormal ovarian structure, prolactin (PRL), anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), independently influenced missed abortion significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score and the F1 score with the training set of the XGBoost model (0.877 \u00b1 0.014 and 0.730 \u00b1 0.019, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the logistic model (0.713 \u00b1 0.013 and 0.568 \u00b1 0.026, respectively). In the test set, the AUC and F1 scores of the XGBoost model (0.759 \u00b1 0.023 and 0.566 \u00b1 0.042, respectively) were also higher than those of the logistic model (0.695 \u00b1 0.030 and 0.550 \u00b1 049, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We established a prediction model based on the XGBoost algorithm, which can accurately predict the risk of missed abortion in patients with IVF-ET. This model performed better than the traditional logical regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T03:28:56Z","timestamp":1675049336000},"page":"e14762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prediction model for missed abortion of patients treated with IVF-ET based on XGBoost: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Guanghui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong,  China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Women and Children\u2019s Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 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