{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:37:54Z","timestamp":1770464274812,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676246400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PR INBRE NIH\/NIGMS","award":["P20 GM103475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM103475"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007748","name":"Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IVIC-Project 67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IVIC-Project 67"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Horned Screamer <jats:italic>(Anhima cornuta)<\/jats:italic> is an herbivorous bird that inhabits wetlands of the South American tropical region. We hypothesize that due to its herbivorous niche, its digestive tract compartments may have bacteria specialized in fermenting complex plant carbohydrates. To test this hypothesis, we compared the bacterial communities along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a Horned Screamer captured in Venezuela.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Samples were taken from tissues and content of the proventriculus and the small intestine (considered for this study as upper GIT), and the large intestine and cecum (lower GIT). The bacterial community was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic> gene. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using QIIME, QIITA and Microbiome Analyst. The association between microbial taxonomy and function was analyzed using their Greengenes OTU IDs and a custom KEGG BRITE hierarchical tree and visualized with BURRITO.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Screamer\u2019s gastrointestinal microbiota was composed by seven phyla being Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes the most predominant. The dominant taxa in the upper GIT were <jats:italic>Helicobacter, Vibrio, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>. The dominant taxa in the lower GIT were <jats:italic>Oribacterium, Blautia, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Desulfovibrio, Intestinimonas, Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Parabacteroides<\/jats:italic>. Complete degradation of cellulose to the end-products acetate, propanoate, butanoate and acetoacetate was found in the upper and lower GIT without significant differences.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study confirmed changes in bacterial community composition throughout the GIT of the Horned Screamer primarily associated with the production of metabolic end-products of carbohydrate digestion essential for the fermentation of the herbivorous diet.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T09:51:11Z","timestamp":1676281871000},"page":"e14805","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bacterial composition along the digestive tract of the Horned Screamer (<i>Anhima cornuta<\/i>), a tropical herbivorous bird"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6396-4681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda Alexandra","family":"Garc\u00eda-Amado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda Gastrointestinal, Centro de Biof\u00edsica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Miranda, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla A.","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda Gastrointestinal, Centro de Biof\u00edsica y Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Miranda, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria del Mar","family":"Fuentes-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nataliya","family":"Chorna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leoncia Margarita","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colecci\u00f3n Ornitol\u00f3gica Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-0498","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Filipa","family":"Godoy-Vitorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02624","article-title":"Characterization of the skin microbiota of the cane toad Rhinella cf. marina in puerto rico and costa rica","volume":"8","author":"Abarca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1139\/f01-004","article-title":"Permutation tests for univariate or multivariate analysis of variance and regression","volume":"58","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-3","article-title":"IUCN red list for birds","author":"BirdLife International","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.07.003","article-title":"Avian gut microbiomes taking flight","volume":"30","author":"Bodawatta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697553","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.697553","article-title":"Comparative analysis of fecal microbiomes from wild waterbirds to poultry, cattle, pigs, and wastewater treatment plants for a microbial source tracking approach","volume":"12","author":"Boukerb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2307\/1938581","article-title":"Digestibility of plant constitutents by Canada Geese and Atlantic Brant","volume":"67","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28310-y","article-title":"Gut microbiome of the largest living rodent harbors unprecedented enzymatic systems to degrade plant polysaccharides","volume":"13","author":"Cabral","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.8","article-title":"Ultra-high-throughput microbial community analysis on the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms","volume":"6","author":"Caporaso","year":"2012","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1086\/physzool.62.2.30156183","article-title":"Digestion in the Australian wood duck (Chenonetta jubata): a small avian herbivore showing selective digestion of the hemicellulose component of fiber","volume":"62","author":"Dawson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Physiological Zoology"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W180","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx295","article-title":"MicrobiomeAnalyst: a web-based tool for comprehensive statistical, visual and meta-analysis of microbiome data","volume":"45","author":"Dhariwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/AUK\/111.3.643","article-title":"Ecology of the folivorous hoatzin (Opisthocomus Hoazin) on the venezuelan plains","volume":"111","author":"Dom\u00ednguez-Bello","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Auk"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384730-0.00031-8","article-title":"Bacteroides and prevotella","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology","author":"Flint","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19897","article-title":"Microbial degradation of complex carbohydrates in the gut","volume":"3","author":"Flint","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.131","article-title":"Comparative analyses of foregut and hindgut bacterial communities in hoatzins and cows","volume":"6","author":"Godoy-Vitorino","year":"2012a","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2012.01.001","article-title":"Differences in crop bacterial community structure between hoatzins from different geographical locations","volume":"163","author":"Godoy-Vitorino","year":"2012b","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00574-08","article-title":"Bacterial community in the crop of the hoatzin, a neotropical folivorous flying bird","volume":"74","author":"Godoy-Vitorino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0141-9","article-title":"Qiita: rapid, web-enabled microbiome meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2307\/4088763","article-title":"Structure and function of the digestive tract of the hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin): a folivorous bird with foregut fermentation","volume":"112","author":"Grajal","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Auk"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2307\/1369176","article-title":"Passage rates of digesta markers in the gut of the hoatzin, a folivorous bird with foregut fermentation","volume":"97","author":"Grajal","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Condor"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190028","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0028","article-title":"Local habitat, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts gut microbiota better within folivorous than frugivorous lemur lineages","volume":"15","author":"Greene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191609","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.191609","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity of the shorebird gastrointestinal microbiome","volume":"7","author":"Grond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01788","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.01788","article-title":"The avian gut microbiota: community, physiology and function in wild birds","volume":"49","author":"Grond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Avian Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727200","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.727200","article-title":"Effects of total dietary fiber on cecal microbial community and intestinal morphology of growing white pekin duck","volume":"10","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-25","volume-title":"Birds of venezuela. (C Helm, Ed.)","author":"Hilty","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.33","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal microbial community in herbivorous land and marine iguanas of the Gal\u00e1pagos Islands using 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing","volume":"5","author":"Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"The ISME Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fnw144","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnw144","article-title":"Microbial detoxification in the gut of a specialist avian herbivore, the Greater Sage-Grouse","volume":"363","author":"Kohl","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X1200700939","article-title":"Secondary metabolites of Eichhornia crassipes (Waterhyacinth): a review (1949 to 2011)","volume":"7","author":"Lalitha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natural Product Communications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1978","article-title":"Worlds within worlds: evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Ley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00365","article-title":"BURRITO: an interactive multi-omic tool for visualizing taxa\u2013function relationships in microbiome data","volume":"9","author":"McNally","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-32","article-title":"Avian arboreal folivores: why not?","volume-title":"The Ecology of Arboreal Folivores (The Symposia of the National Zoological Park)","author":"Morton","year":"1978"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-33","first-page":"243","article-title":"Aspects of the biology of the horned screamer in southwestern Columbia","volume":"98","author":"Naranjo","year":"1986","journal-title":"Wilson Bulletin"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-34","first-page":"205","article-title":"Comparison of foregut and hindgut fermentation in herbivores","volume-title":"The ecology of arboreal folivores","author":"Parra","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-35","volume-title":"Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)","author":"Piland","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7188","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm864","article-title":"SILVA: a comprehensive online resource for quality checked and aligned ribosomal RNA sequence data compatible with ARB","volume":"35","author":"Pruesse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12084","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12084","article-title":"Trophic niches reflect compositional differences in microbiota among Caribbean sea urchins","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez-Barreras","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918861","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.918861","article-title":"The bacterial and fungal gut microbiota of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. consuming polyethylene and polystyrene","volume":"13","author":"Ruiz Barrionuevo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03793-13","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota and species diversity of Campylobacter and Helicobacter spp. in migrating shorebirds in Delaware Bay","volume":"80","author":"Ryu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0213503","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0213503","article-title":"Characterization of the cecum microbiome from wild and captive rock ptarmigans indigenous to Arctic Norway","volume":"14","author":"Salgado-Flores","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12581","article-title":"Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.2.393","article-title":"Contributions of microbes in vertebrate gastrointestinal tract to production and conservation of nutrients","volume":"78","author":"Stevens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2019-0024","article-title":"Fibre digestion by rumen microbiota\u2014a review of recent metagenomic and metatranscriptomic studies","volume":"99","author":"Terry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515827","article-title":"Accumulation of phyllodulcin in sweet-leaf plants of Hydrangea serrata and its neutrality in the defence against a specialist leafmining herbivore","volume":"37","author":"Ujihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Researches on Population Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35803","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035803","article-title":"Gut microbiome of the critically endangered New Zealand parrort, the kakapo (Strigops habroptilus)","volume":"7","author":"Waite","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00223","article-title":"Characterizing the avian gut microbiota: membership, driving influences, and potential function","volume":"5","author":"Waite","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00673","article-title":"Exploring the avian gut microbiota: current trends and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Waite","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.03090.x","article-title":"Species diversity of campylobacteria in a wild bird community in Sweden","volume":"102","author":"Waldenstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Microbiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00820","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.820","article-title":"Characterizing the bacterial community across the gastrointestinal tract of goats: composition and potential function","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"MicrobiologyOpen"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.19320","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota in immune homeostasis and autoimmunity","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.14805\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32655","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32655","article-title":"Characterising the interspecific variations and convergence of gut microbiota in Anseriformes herbivores at wintering areas","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14805.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14805.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14805.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14805.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1676281884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/14805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.14805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.14805","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]]},"article-number":"e14805"}}