{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:44:56Z","timestamp":1789677896723,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-A-039, 2022-PUMCH-B-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-A-039, 2022-PUMCH-B-013"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019YFC0840603, 2017YFC0907601, and 2017YFC0907602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFC0840603, 2017YFC0907601, and 2017YFC0907602"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81771780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017-I2M-3-001 and 2019-I2M-2-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-I2M-3-001 and 2019-I2M-2-008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (PSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease resulting in significant loss of systemic gland secretory function. IgG glycosylation abnormalities had been found to play important roles in autoimmune diseases. Here, we aim to explore the specific changes of IgG glycosylation in PSS patient serum that could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2012 to 2018, patients diagnosed with PSS or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) admitted consecutively to the department of Rheumatology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. Glycan profiles of serum IgG from 40 PSS patients, 50 PBC patients, and 38 healthy controls were detected with lectin microarray containing 56 lectins. Lectins with significantly different signal intensity among groups were selected and validated by lectin blot assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lectin microarray analysis revealed that binding levels of Amaranthus Caudatus Lectin (ACL, prefers glycan Gal\u03b23GalNAc,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.011), Morniga M Lectin (MNA-M, prefers glycan mannose.\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013), and Lens Culinaris Agglutinin (LCA, prefers glycan fucose) were significantly increased, while\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia sclarea<\/jats:italic>\n                      Agglutinin (SSA, prefers glycan sialylation,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) was significantly decreased in PSS patients compared to PBC group. Compared to healthy controls, MNA-M (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) and LCA (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.028) were also significantly increased, while Phaseolus Vulgaris Erythroagglutinin and Phaseolus Vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-E and PHA-L, prefer glycan galactose,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004 and 0.006) were significantly decreased in PSS patients. The results of LCA and MNA-M were further confirmed using lectin blot assay.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in serum IgG glycosylation in PSS increased binding levels of LCA and MNA-M lectins using microarray techniques compared to PBC patients and healthy controls, which could provide potential diagnostic value. Increased core fucose and mannose alteration of IgG may play important roles in PSS disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T04:32:01Z","timestamp":1677040321000},"page":"e14853","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective screening of serum IgG glycosylation biomarker for primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome using lectin microarray"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Siting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Key Laboratory of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaojun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical 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