{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T22:57:55Z","timestamp":1785365875714,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit","award":["18B0430005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18B0430005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mutations in Exon 1, 2 and 3 of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (<jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic>) gene are known to lead to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance. In order to investigate their putative resistance in rodenticides, we studied the genetic profile of the <jats:italic>Vkorc1<\/jats:italic> gene in Turkish black rats (<jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic>) and brown rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>). In this context, previously recorded Ala21Thr mutation (<jats:italic>R. rattus<\/jats:italic>) in Exon 1 region, Ile90Leu mutation (<jats:italic>R. rattus, R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>) in Exon 2 region and Leu120Gln mutation (<jats:italic>R. norvegicus<\/jats:italic>) in Exon 3 region were identified as \u201cmissense mutations\u201d causing amino acid changes. Ala21Thr mutation was first detected in one specimen of Turkish black rat despite the uncertainty of its relevance to resistance. Ile90Leu mutation accepted as neutral variant was detected in most of black rat specimens. Leu120Gln mutation related to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance was found in only one brown rat specimen. Furthermore, Ser74Asn, Gln77Pro (black rat) and Ser79Pro (brown rat) mutations that cause amino acid changes in the Exon 2 region but unclear whether they cause resistance were identified. In addition, \u201csilent mutations\u201d which do not cause amino acid changes were also defined; these mutations were Arg12Arg mutation in Exon 1 region, His68His, Ser81Ser, Ile82Ile and Leu94Leu mutations in Exon 2 region and Ile107Ile, Thr137Thr, Ala143Ala and Gln152Gln mutations in Exon 3 region. These silent mutations were found in both species except for Ser81Ser which was determined in only brown rats<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T07:29:31Z","timestamp":1683012571000},"page":"e15055","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vkorc1 gene polymorphisms confer resistance to anticoagulant rodenticide in Turkish rats"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Nuri","family":"Yi\u011fit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department\/Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa T.","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department\/Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"\u00c7etint\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department\/Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulya","family":"Sayg\u0131l\u0131-Yi\u011fit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Department\/Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ni\u011fde \u00d6mer Halisdemir University, Ni\u011fde, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erc\u00fcment","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department\/Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhan","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department\/Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, 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