{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1791929264134,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There were a few studies on bacterial coinfection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients worldwide. This systematic review aimed to provide the pooled prevalence of bacterial coinfection from published studies from 2020 to 2022.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three databases were used to search the studies, and 49 studies from 2,451 identified studies involving 212,605 COVID-19 patients were included in this review.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The random-effects inverse-variance model determined that the pooled prevalence of bacterial coinfection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was 26.84% (95% CI [23.85\u201329.83]). The pooled prevalence of isolated bacteria for <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> was 23.25% (95% CI [19.27\u201327.24]), <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> was 10.51% (95% CI [8.90\u201312.12]), <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> was 15.24% (95% CI [7.84\u201322.64]), <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was 11.09% (95% CI [8.92\u201313.27]) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (11.59% (95% CI [9.71\u201313.46])). Meanwhile, the pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae was 15.24% (95% CI [7.84\u201322.64]) followed by carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> (14.55% (95% CI [9.59\u201319.52%])), carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (6.95% (95% CI [2.61\u201311.29])), methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (5.05% (95% CI [3.49\u20136.60])), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (4.95% (95% CI [3.10\u20136.79])), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (1.26% (95% CI [0.46\u20132.05])).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All the prevalences were considered as low. However, effective management and prevention of the infection should be considered since these coinfections have a bad impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T07:12:59Z","timestamp":1682493179000},"page":"e15265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bacterial coinfection and antibiotic resistance in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6535-2969","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruhana","family":"Che Yusof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, 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