{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:11:49Z","timestamp":1791922309076,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fund for Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Project: Study on Pathogenicity and Antibiotic Resistance of HofE-positive Helicobacter pylori Strains","award":["20180550049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180550049"]}]},{"name":"Fund for Scientific Research of The First Hospital of China Medical University: Biological Effect and Pathogenic Mechanism of Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Protein HofE","award":["FHCMU-FSR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FHCMU-FSR"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>) keeps rising while the eradication rate continues to decline due to the increasing antibiotic resistance. Regional variations of antimicrobial resistance to <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> have been recommended by guidelines in recent years. This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance rate of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and its association with infected subjects\u2019 characteristics in Liaoning Province, an area in north China.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gastric tissues from 178 <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> positive participants without previous antibiotic use within four weeks were collected for <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> culture. Antibiotic susceptibility to furazolidone (AOZ), tetracycline (TC), levofloxacin (LFX), metronidazole (MET), clarithromycin (CLA), and amoxicillin (AMX) were examined with the agar dilution method. Associations between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> resistance and patient characteristics were further analysed.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>No resistance was observed in AOZ or TC. For LFX, MET, CLA, and AMX, the overall resistance rates were 41.10%, 79.14%, 71.78%, and 22.09% respectively. There were significant differences between resistance to CLA and MALToma (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.021), and between resistance to MET and age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The primary resistant rates of LEX, MET, CLA, and AMX were relatively high in Liaoning. Treatment effectiveness improvement could be achieved by prior antimicrobial susceptibility tests before antibiotic prescription.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T08:43:53Z","timestamp":1684226633000},"page":"e15268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibiotic resistance characteristics and risk factors analysis of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> strains isolated from patients in Liaoning Province, an area in North China"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yanmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention, The First Hospital of China Medical University,  Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moye","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 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