{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:16:44Z","timestamp":1792451804541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gout is an inflammatory arthritis initiated by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) around the joints and surrounding tissues. MSU crystals activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to the release of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2). Gout can have a substantial impact on patient\u2019s quality of life, and currently available medicines are unable to meet all the clinical needs. This study explored anti-gout potentials of the Rice14 (R14) peptide, a peptide derived from leaves of wild rice <jats:italic>Oryza minuta<\/jats:italic>. The effects of R14 peptide on IL-1\u03b2 secretion in THP-1 macrophages with MSU crystals-induced inflammation were examined. Our results clearly showed that the R14 peptide significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-1\u03b2 in MSU crystals-induced macrophages, and the effects were dose-related. For safety testing, the R14 peptide did not show both cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. In addition, the R14 peptide strongly suppressed the phospho-I\u03baB-\u03b1 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-\u03baB) p65 proteins in NF-\u03baB signaling pathway, reduced the NLRP3 expression and inhibited the MSU crystals-mediated cleavage of caspase-1 as well as mature IL-1\u03b2. The R14 peptide also reduced MSU-triggered intracellular ROS levels in macrophages. Taken together, these results indicated that R14 peptide inhibited MSU crystals-induced IL-1\u03b2 production through NF-\u03baB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our findings demonstrated that R14 peptide, the newly recognized peptide from wild rice, possessed potent regulatory activity against IL-1\u03b2 production in MSU crystals-induced inflammation, and we therefore propose that the R14 peptide is a promising molecule with potential clinical application in the treatment of MSU crystals-induced inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T09:26:40Z","timestamp":1683883600000},"page":"e15295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1\u03b2 secretion through inhibition of NF-\u03baB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Supattra","family":"Charoenwutthikun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasem","family":"Chanjitwiriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sittiruk","family":"Roytrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathumthani, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duangkamol","family":"Kunthalert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University,  Phitsanulok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15295\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2019.00517","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) systemic use: the risk of renal failure","volume":"7","author":"Bensman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"9760","key":"10.7717\/peerj.15295\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60665-4","article-title":"Gout therapeutics: new drugs for an old disease","volume":"377","author":"Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.15295\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202301_31064","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate attenuates MSU-induced gouty arthritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative 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