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Here we report a new species of nanhsiungchelyid,\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys yangi<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China. The specimen consists of a well-preserved skull and lower jaw, as well as the anterior parts of the carapace and plastron. The diagnostic features of\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys<\/jats:italic>\n                    include a large entire carapace length (\u223c55.5 cm), a network of sculptures consisting of pits and ridges on the surface of the skull and shell, shallow cheek emargination and temporal emargination, deep nuchal emargination, and a pair of anterolateral processes on the carapace. However,\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys yangi<\/jats:italic>\n                    differs from the other species of\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys<\/jats:italic>\n                    mainly in having a triangular-shaped snout (in dorsal view) and wide anterolateral processes on the carapace. Additionally, some other characteristics (\n                    <jats:italic>e.g.<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the premaxilla is higher than wide, the maxilla is unseen in dorsal views, a small portion of the maxilla extends posterior and ventral of the orbit, and the parietal is bigger than the frontal) are strong evidence to distinguish\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys yangi<\/jats:italic>\n                    from\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A phylogenetic analysis of nanhsiungchelyids places\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys yangi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    as sister taxa.\n                    <jats:italic>Nanhsiungchelys yangi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and some other nanhsiungchelyids bear distinct anterolateral processes on the carapace, which have not been reported in any extant turtles and may have played a role in protecting the head. The Nanxiong Basin was extremely hot during the Late Cretaceous, and so we suggest that nanhsiungchelyids might have immersed themselves in mud or water to avoid the heat, similar to some extant tortoises. If they were capable of swimming, our computer simulations of fluid flow suggest the anterolateral processes could have reduced drag during locomotion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1685419892000},"page":"e15439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A new species of\n                    <i>Nanhsiungchelys<\/i>\n                    (Testudines: Cryptodira: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Nanxiong Basin, China"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuzheng","family":"Ke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran A.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanchen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kecheng","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Yingliang Stone Natural History Museum, Nan\u2019an, Fujian, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fasheng","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Geological Survey Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenglu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/pala.12142","article-title":"strap: an R package for plotting phylogenies against stratigraphy and assessing their stratigraphic congruence","volume":"58","author":"Bell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Palaeontology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1994.tb00179.x","article-title":"Branch support and tree stability","volume":"10","author":"Bremer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1017\/s002233600002535x","article-title":"New specimen of Basilemys praeclara Hay and its bearing on the relationships of the Nanhsiungchelyidae (Reptilia: Testudines)","volume":"67","author":"Brinkman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1139\/e96-041","article-title":"A new species of Zangerlia (Testudines: Nanhsiungchelyidae) from the Upper Cretaceous redbeds at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and the relationships of the genus","volume":"33","author":"Brinkman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpv.2014.12.005","article-title":"New exceptionally well-preserved specimens of \u201cZangerlia\u201d neimongolensis from Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and their taxonomic significance","volume":"14","author":"Brinkman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Palevol"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.15439\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12549-013-0113-0","article-title":"A new turtle from the Xiagou Formation (Early Cretaceous) of Changma Basin, Gansu Province, P. 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