{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:07:13Z","timestamp":1790712433283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Brazilian CNPq-MCTI"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FAPERGS and the European Community"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Southern black drum (<jats:italic>Pogonias courbina<\/jats:italic>) is a species distributed along the western Atlantic Ocean, and it is the largest Sciaenidae observed in the coast of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. However, it is listed as a vulnerable species at The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species\u2122, and their fishing is prohibited. The objective of this study was to determine the sperm characteristics of <jats:italic>P. courbina<\/jats:italic>. Sperm samples of five young males (two-year-old fish) were collected through abdominal pressure. The sperm kinetics parameters were sperm motility (MOT) 10.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.6%, curvilinear velocity (VCL) 120.07\u00a0\u00b1\u00a016.16 mm s\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01, average path velocity (VAP) 75.64\u00a0\u00b1\u00a023.78 mm s\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01, straight-line velocity (VSL) 62.49\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.83 mm s\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01, straightness (STR) 83.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3%, wobble (WOB) 61.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.7%, beat cross frequency (BCF) 42.981\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.627 Hz and progression (PRG) 1,805.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0564.5 \u00b5m. The proportion of normal spermatozoa was 35.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06.1%. About the abnormalities observed, 22.7% occurred in the tail (short tail = 0.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.5%, distally curled tail = 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6%, strongly curled tail = 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3%, broken tail = 7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.1%, folded tail = 5.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8%, loose tail = 4.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9%); 14.2% occurred in the head (degenerate head = 4.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.6%, microcephaly = 1.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5%, loose head = 8.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.1%) and 27.5% of the spermatozoa showed cytoplasmatic gouts (proximal gout = 20.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.4%, distal gout = 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.8%). Besides that, a correlation analysis was performed between sperm morphology and kinetics parameters, and the spermatozoa were measured for the morphometric parameters. There was a positive correlation between BCF and normal spermatozoa (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0 0.9269). A negative correlation occurred between BCF and loose head (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0 \u22120.9047); WOB and strongly curled tail (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0 \u22120.8911); and PROG and strongly curled tail (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0 \u22120.9191). The morphometric measures found for the head were length of 2.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.21 \u00b5m and width of 2.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.22 \u00b5m, and for the tail it was length of 37.97\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.01 \u00b5m. It was possible to verify that the animals have sperm characteristics that indicate reproductive aptitude, but an abnormal behavior on sperm activation and high presence of the cytoplasmic gout abnormality indicates that the animals are not fully mature in their first reproductive season. This work contributes to a better understanding of the <jats:italic>P. courbina<\/jats:italic> spermatic parameters, what can be allies to recovery this species population in nature and promote its production in fish farms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T08:54:04Z","timestamp":1689670444000},"page":"e15600","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<i>Pogonias courbina<\/i> sperm characteristcs in its first reproductive season"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jhony Lisboa","family":"Benato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Streit Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"},{"name":"Veterinary Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia Dos Santos","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f4mulo Batista","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaiza Rodrigues","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Fish Culture, Oceanographic Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Marine Fish Culture, Oceanographic Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel Santos","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Villar","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio 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