{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:47:40Z","timestamp":1777589260316,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS), UKM","award":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK13\/UKM\/03\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK13\/UKM\/03\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>HSPCs are targets for benzene-induced hematotoxicity and leukemogenesis. However, benzene toxicity targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TF) that are involve in regulating self-renewing and differentiation of HSPCs comprising of different hematopoietic lineages remains poorly understood. In this study, the effect of a benzene metabolite, 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) exposure, in HSPCs focusing on the self-renewing (miRNAs: miR-196b and miR-29a; TF: HoxB4, Bmi-1) and differentiation (miRNAs: miR-181a, TF: GATA3) pathways were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Freshly isolated mouse BM cells were initially exposed to 1,4-BQ at 1.25 to 5 \u00b5M for 24 h, followed by miRNAs and TF studies in BM cells. Then, the miRNAs expression was further evaluated in HSPCs of different lineages comprised of myeloid, erythroid and pre-B lymphoid progenitors following 7\u201314 days of colony forming unit (CFU) assay.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Exposure to 1,4-BQ in BM cells significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) reduced the miR-196b (2.5 and 5 \u00b5M), miR-181a (1.25, 2.5 and 5 \u00b5M) and miR-29a (1.25 \u00b5M) along with upregulation of miR-29a at 2.5 \u00b5M. Meanwhile, 1,4-BQ exposure in HSPCs significantly increased the miR-196b expression level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) only in myeloid and pre-B lymphoid progenitors at 2.5 and 5 \u00b5M. Significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) reduction in expression of miR-181a in myeloid (1.25 \u00b5M), erythroid (5 \u00b5M) progenitors along with miR-29a in myeloid (1.25 \u00b5M) and pre-B lymphoid (5 \u00b5M) progenitors were noted following exposure to 1,4-BQ. Meanwhile, increased expression of miR-181a was observed in pre-B lymphoid progenitor upon exposure to 1,4-BQ, but only at 5 \u00b5M. As for TF studies, expression of HoxB4 protein was significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) at all 1,4-BQ concentrations as compared to Bmi-1 and GATA3, which were significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) elevated starting at 2.5 \u00b5M of 1,4-BQ.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>1,4-BQ induces aberration of miRNAs and transcription factors protein expression that are involved in regulating self-renewing and differentiation pathways of HSPCs. Moreover, epigenetic toxicity as evidenced from the miRNAs expression was found to be mediated by a lineage-driven mechanism. The role of cell lineage in governing the toxicity of 1,4-BQ in HSPCs lineages deserves further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T08:27:18Z","timestamp":1688977638000},"page":"e15608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Analysis of self-renewing and differentiation-related microRNAs and transcription factors in multilineage mouse hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells induced by 1,4-benzoquinone"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ramya","family":"Dewi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nur Afizah","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siti Razila","family":"Abdul Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncological and Radiological Sciences Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zariyantey","family":"Abd Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Programme and Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 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