{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T05:29:28Z","timestamp":1769750968796,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690416000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021A1515011477, 2021A1515011593, 2017A030310127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515011477, 2021A1515011593, 2017A030310127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Basic Research Program","award":["202102010256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102010256"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases","award":["2018B030322012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018B030322012"]}]},{"name":"The 2020 Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund","award":["2020B1212030006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1212030006"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine","award":["MK2020KF03, Z2021ZZ0202, SZ2021ZZ35, YN10101906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MK2020KF03, Z2021ZZ0202, SZ2021ZZ35, YN10101906"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a refractory autoimmune disease, affecting about 1% of the world\u2019s population. RA is divided into seronegative RA and seropositive RA. However, biomarkers for discriminating between seronegative and seropositive RA have not been reported. In this study, we profiled serum miRNAs in seronegative RA patients (N-RA), seropositive RA patients (P-RA) and healthy controls (HC) by small RNA sequencing. Results indicated that compared with HC group, there were one up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in N-RA group (fold change \u2265 2 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value &lt; 0.05); compared with P-RA group, there were two up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in N-RA group; compared with HC group, there were three up-regulated and four downregulated miRNAs in P-RA group. Among them, the level of hsa-miR-362-5p in N-RA group was up-regulated compared with that in HC group and P-RA group, and the level of hsa-miR-6855-5p and hsa-miR-187-3p in P-RA group was upregulated compared with that in N-RA group and HC group. Validation by qPCR confirmed that serum hsa-miR-362-5p level was elevated in N-RA group. Subsequently, by analyzing the target genes using RNAhybrid, PITA, Miranda and TargetScan and functions of differential miRNAs utilizing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we found that the target genes and molecular pathways regulated by miRNAs in seronegative RA and seropositive RA were roughly the same, and miRNAs in these two diseases may participate in the occurrence and development of diseases by regulating the immune system. In conclusion, this study revealed the profiles of serum miRNAs in seronegative and seropositive RA patients for the first time, providing potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of seronegative and seropositive RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]],"date-time":"2023-07-27T09:47:35Z","timestamp":1690451255000},"page":"e15690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In silico analysis of serum miRNA profiles in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients by small RNA sequencing"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Hong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Yan","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-4269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kai-Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 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China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, 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