{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:50:12Z","timestamp":1780595412327,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universiti Malaya Grant","award":["PPPC\/C1-2012\/DLGC\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPPC\/C1-2012\/DLGC\/11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The study\u2019s objective is to assess the adherence of C. albicans<\/jats:italic> in different types of denture polymers and the effectiveness of eugenol and commercialized denture cleansers in the removal of C. albicans<\/jats:italic>. Three types of denture base polymers (Lucitone\u00ae<\/jats:sup> 199 (High-Impact PMMA), Impact\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (conventional PMMA) and Eclipse\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (UDMA)) and two hard denture reline materials (Kooliner\u00ae<\/jats:sup> and Tokuyama\u00ae<\/jats:sup> Rebase II Fast) were used in this study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Three hundred samples were prepared (6 \u00d7 2 mm disc shape) and divided into five groups of denture polymers (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a060) and further subjected into five treatment groups (Polident\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Steradent, distilled water, eugenol 5-minutes, and eugenol 10-min). Three samples were extracted from each treatment group for baseline data (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012). Baseline data were used to calculate the initial number of C. albicans<\/jats:italic> adherence. A 0.5 ml immersion solution from each specimen was cultured on YPD agar and incubated for 48 h at 37 \u00b0C. Visible colonies were counted using a colony counter machine (ROCKER Galaxy 230).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The result showed that the denture base polymer significantly affected the initial adherence (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007). The removal of C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was also considerably affected by the denture base polymers and denture cleansers (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Lucitone\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, Tokuyama\u00ae<\/jats:sup>, and Kooliner\u00ae<\/jats:sup> denture base polymers immersed for 3 min in eugenol showed the best results of removal.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n This study\u2019s overall results showed that all denture polymers used as denture bases had an effect on C. albicans<\/jats:italic> initial adherence and removal from the denture base, and eugenol is comparable to commercialised denture cleansers in reducing the number of attached C. albicans<\/jats:italic> on denture base polymers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T07:58:54Z","timestamp":1692172734000},"page":"e15750","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antifungal effects of eugenol on Candida albicans<\/i> adherence to denture polymers"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zubaidah","family":"Zanul Abidin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nosizana","family":"Mohd Salleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Harun","family":"Himratul-Aznita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siti Fauzza","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghee Seong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noorhayati","family":"Raja Mohd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabihah","family":"Dziaruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.15750\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2009.10.001","article-title":"Evolution of ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors as fungicidal 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