{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T06:01:02Z","timestamp":1787032862831,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Research Project of the Hunan Education Department and the Excellent Youth Project","award":["20B290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20B290"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is one of the most important foodborne pathogens in the world and the main cause of dairy cow mastitis. Few studies have investigated the epidemic pedigree of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      of bovine origin in Hunan, China. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the capsular polysaccharides (CP), molecular typing, and antibiotic resistance characteristics of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolated from raw milk of dairy farms in Hunan Province.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 2018 and 2022, 681 raw milk samples were collected from dairy cows from farms in Changsha, Changde, Shaoyang, Yongzhou, and Chenzhou in Hunan Province.\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was isolated from these samples, and the isolates were subjected to molecular typing, CP typing, and determination of antibiotic resistance through broth dilution and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 681 raw milk samples, 76 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were isolated. The pathogenicity of 76 isolates was determined preliminarily by detecting\n                      <jats:italic>cp5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>cp8<\/jats:italic>\n                      CP genes. Eighteen types of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of 76\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains were detected by the broth dilution method, and 11 kinds of related resistance genes were amplified by PCR. The\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates had CP5 (42.10%) and CP8 (57.89%).\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      had a multiple antimicrobial resistance rate of 26.75%. The isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to penicillin (82.89%) and showed varying degrees of resistance to other drugs, but no isolate showed resistance to doxycycline. The 76 isolates all carried two or more antibiotic resistance genes, with a maximum of eight antibiotics resistance genes.\n                      <jats:italic>FemB<\/jats:italic>\n                      was detected in all isolates, but none of isolates carried\n                      <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ermA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic>glrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The 76 isolates were divided into 22 sequence types (ST) and 20\n                      <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                      types by MLST and\n                      <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                      typing, and the number of t796-ST7 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a015) isolates was the highest, which may be the major epidemic strain of multidrug-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present findings indicate the need to increase production of the CP8\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      vaccine in Hunan Province and strengthen resistance monitoring of t796-ST7 isolates with the prevalent molecular type of multi-drug resistant strains. The use of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      -lactam, macrolides, and lincosamides should be reduced; doxycycline, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides could be appropriately added to veterinary antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in dairy cows.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1693198117000},"page":"e15847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    isolates from raw milk in Hunan Province"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Keming","family":"Ning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 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