{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:39:59Z","timestamp":1787578799830,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent disease worldwide that leads to functional disability and chronic pain. It has been shown that not only changes are generated at the joint level in these individuals, but also neuroplastic changes are produced in different brain areas, especially in those areas related to pain perception, therefore, the objective of this research was to identify and compare the structural and functional brain changes in knee OA\n                      <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                      healthy subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Searches in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Health Source, and Epistemonikos databases were conducted to explore the available evidence on the structural and functional brain changes occurring in people with knee OA. Data were recorded on study characteristics, participant characteristics, and brain assessment techniques. The methodological quality of the studies was analysed with Newcastle Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. A decrease volume of the gray matter in the insular region, parietal lobe, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, visual cortex, temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and basal ganglia was found in people with knee OA. However, the opposite occurred in the frontal lobe, nucleus accumbens, amygdala region and somatosensory cortex, where an increase in the gray matter volume was evidenced. Moreover, a decreased connectivity to the frontal lobe from the insula, cingulate cortex, parietal, and temporal areas, and an increase in connectivity from the insula to the prefrontal cortex, subcallosal area, and temporal lobe was shown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All these findings are suggestive of neuroplastic changes affecting the pain matrix in people with knee OA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T04:05:26Z","timestamp":1694059526000},"page":"e16003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Structural and functional brain changes in people with knee osteoarthritis: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Salazar-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Somatosensorial y Motora, Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Talca, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Cuyul-V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Procesos Terap\u00e9uticos, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile"},{"name":"Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Temuco, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Viscay-Sanhueza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de medicina f\u00edsica y rehabilitaci\u00f3n, Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke, Vi\u00f1a del Mar, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Morales-Verdugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Precl\u00ednicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Mendez-Rebolledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Somatosensorial y Motora, Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Talca, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Ponce-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Kinesiolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Lluch-Girb\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-27332-2","article-title":"Decoding of the speech envelope from EEG using the VLAAI deep neural network","volume":"13","author":"Accou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0161687","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161687","article-title":"Cerebral cortical thickness in chronic pain due to knee osteoarthritis: the effect of pain duration and pain sensitization","volume":"11","author":"Alshuft","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.018","article-title":"Towards a theory of chronic pain","volume":"87","author":"Apkarian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.11.010","article-title":"Pain and the brain: specificity and plasticity of the brain in clinical chronic pain","volume":"152","author":"Apkarian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16003\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19091","article-title":"The role of pain and function in determining patient satisfaction after total knee replacement. 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