{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T10:32:59Z","timestamp":1769164379836,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFC2702702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702702"]}]},{"name":"University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province","award":["GXXT-2021-071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2021-071"]}]},{"name":"Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan","award":["SZM2021010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZM2021010"]}]},{"name":"Clinical Medicine Experts of Suzhou Industrial Park","award":["SZYQTD202104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SZYQTD202104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thousands of genes are expressed in the testis of mice. However, the details about their roles during spermatogenesis have not been well-clarified for most genes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic> deficiency on mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility. <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR\/Cas9 technology on C57BL\/6J background. We found no obvious differences between <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-KO and <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-WT mice in fertility tests, testicular weight, sperm concentrations, or morphology. Histological analysis found that <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-KO mouse testes had normal germ cell types and mature sperm. These findings indicated that <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic> was dispensable for male fertility in mice. Our results may save time and resources by allowing other researchers to focus on genes that are more meaningful for fertility studies. We also found that mRNAs of two <jats:italic>Slc26a<\/jats:italic> family members (<jats:italic>Slc26a5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Slc26a11<\/jats:italic>) were expressed on higher mean levels in <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-KO total mouse testes, compared to <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-WT mice. This effect was not found in mouse GC-1 and GC-2 germ cell lines with the <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic> gene transiently knocked down. This result may indicate that a gene compensation phenomenon was present in the testes of <jats:italic>Slc26a1<\/jats:italic>-KO mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:24:47Z","timestamp":1702628687000},"page":"e16558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>Slc26a1<\/i> is not essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Huai\u2019an No.1 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Center for Reproduction, Huai\u2019an, Jiang Su, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The Affiliated Taizhou People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.009","article-title":"The SLC26 gene family of anion transporters and channels","volume":"34","author":"Alper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular Aspects of Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3783","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03170-w","article-title":"pH and male fertility: making sense on pH homeodynamics throughout the male reproductive tract","volume":"76","author":"Bernardino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42040-0","article-title":"Functional expression cloning of the canalicular sulfate transport system of rat hepatocytes","volume":"269","author":"Bissig","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/s1369-5266(00)00145-x","article-title":"Arabidopsis gene knockout: phenotypes wanted","volume":"4","author":"Bouch\u00e9","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Plant Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.094037","article-title":"Participation of the Cl-\/HCO(3)-exchangers SLC26A3 and SLC26A6, the Cl-channel CFTR, and the regulatory factor SLC9A3R1 in mouse sperm capacitation","volume":"86","author":"Ch\u00e1vez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biology of Reproduction"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07512-z","article-title":"Fbxw17 is dispensable for viability and fertility in mice","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2022b","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11857","article-title":"SAT2 regulates Sertoli cell-germline interactions via STIM1-mediated ROS\/WNT\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2022a","journal-title":"Cell Biology International"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867053363144","article-title":"Pathogenetics of the human SLC26 transporters","volume":"12","author":"Dawson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Medicinal Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1172\/jci31474","article-title":"Urolithiasis and hepatotoxicity are linked to the anion transporter Sat1 in mice","volume":"120","author":"Dawson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.02.001","article-title":"Functional interaction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator with members of the SLC26 family of anion transporters (SLC26A8 and SLC26A9): physiological and pathophysiological relevance","volume":"52","author":"El Khouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23055","article-title":"Slc26a3 deficiency is associated with epididymis dysplasia and impaired sperm fertilization potential in the mouse","volume":"85","author":"El Khouri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Reproduction and Development"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.10.1883","article-title":"A family of mammalian anion transporters and their involvement in human genetic diseases","volume":"8","author":"Everett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00412-019-00697-6","article-title":"Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) is not essential for mouse gametogenesis and fertility","volume":"128","author":"Felipe-Medina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chromosoma"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1779471","article-title":"BMI1 promotes steroidogenesis through maintaining redox homeostasis in mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.11.018","article-title":"Reverse genetic screening reveals poor correlation between morpholino-induced and mutant phenotypes in zebrafish","volume":"32","author":"Kok","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental Cell"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14246","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111802200","article-title":"Functional characterization of three novel tissue-specific anion exchangers SLC26A7, -A8, and -A9","volume":"277","author":"Lohi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-003-1090-3","article-title":"The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers","volume":"447","author":"Mount","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pflugers Archiv"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.11.005","article-title":"Specific pathogen free\u2014A review of strategies in agriculture, aquaculture, and laboratory mammals and how they inform new recommendations for laboratory zebrafish","volume":"142","author":"Murray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12380","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12380","article-title":"Bicarbonate exchangers SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 are localized at the apical membrane of porcine vas deferens epithelium","volume":"3","author":"Pierucci-Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiology Report"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1089\/104454903321515913","article-title":"Characterization of the human sulfate anion transporter (hsat-1) protein and gene (SAT1; SLC26A1)","volume":"22","author":"Regeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"DNA and Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-21-789","article-title":"E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB17 is required for spermiation in mice","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Translational Andrology and Urology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2857","article-title":"Efficient genome modification by CRISPR-Cas9 nickase with minimal off-target effects","volume":"11","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20309","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011740200","article-title":"Tat1, a novel sulfate transporter specifically expressed in human male germ cells and potentially linked to rhogtpase signaling","volume":"276","author":"Toure","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2019.00230","article-title":"Importance of SLC26 transmembrane anion exchangers in sperm post-testicular maturation and fertilization potential","volume":"7","author":"Tour\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontier Cell Devlopment Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm117","article-title":"The testis anion transporter 1 (Slc26a8) is required for sperm terminal differentiation and male fertility in the mouse","volume":"16","author":"Tour\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1038\/1831654a0","article-title":"Canalization of development and genetic assimilation of acquired characters","volume":"183","author":"Waddington","year":"1959","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.025","article-title":"One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR\/Cas-mediated genome engineering","volume":"153","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.022","article-title":"Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes","volume":"154","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10847","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10847","article-title":"Retinoic acid induced protein 14 (Rai14) is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-30","first-page":"6978","article-title":"Testis-enriched Asb15 is not required for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07846-8","article-title":"Identification of proline-rich protein 11 as a major regulator in mouse spermatogonia maintenance via an increase in BMI1 protein stability","volume":"49","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecular Biology Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00307","article-title":"Deletion of Slc26a1 and Slc26a7 delays enamel mineralization in mice","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70441","article-title":"BMI1 promotes spermatogonial stem cell maintenance by epigenetically repressing Wnt10b\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1017\/s0967199420000556","article-title":"CFAP43-mediated intra-manchette transport is required for sperm head shaping and flagella formation","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zygote"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-21-900","article-title":"Testis-enriched Asb12 is not required for spermatogenesis and fertility in mice","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Translational Andrology and Urology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6827","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6827","article-title":"Normal spermatogenesis in Fank1 (fibronectin type 3 and ankyrin repeat domains 1) mutant mice","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16558\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1661174","article-title":"Myotubularin related protein 7 is essential for the spermatogonial stem cell homeostasis via PI3K\/AKT signaling","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16558.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16558.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16558.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16558.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:25:03Z","timestamp":1702628703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16558"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.16558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.16558","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"article-number":"e16558"}}