{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:42:03Z","timestamp":1784302923472,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptin is a peptide hormone that regulates energy balance, immune inflammatory response, and bone metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated a relationship between leptin and periodontitis, a local inflammatory disease that progressively weakens the supporting structures of the teeth, eventually leading to tooth loss. This article reviews the existing literature and discusses leptin\u2019s basic characteristics, its relationship with periodontitis, and its effects on periodontal tissue metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:22:10Z","timestamp":1702628530000},"page":"e16633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The relationship between leptin and periodontitis: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhijiao","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-010-9507-1","article-title":"Leptin activates human B cells to secrete TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-10 via JAK2\/STAT3 and p38MAPK\/ERK1\/2 signaling pathway","volume":"31","author":"Agrawal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12420","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12420","article-title":"Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid and serum leptin levels in periodontally healthy chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Ahuja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-3","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pathophysiological aspects in the interaction between periodontal disease and diabetes","volume":"9","author":"Anton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Romanian Journal of Medical and Dental Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034509337479","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and periodontitis: is oxidative stress a common link?","volume":"88","author":"Bullon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220238","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757-2022-0238","article-title":"Dysbiotic oral microbiota contributes to alveolar bone loss associated with obesity in mice","volume":"30","author":"Chaves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Oral Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-014-0569-7","article-title":"Roles of leptin in bone metabolism and bone diseases","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontis, 1990\u20132019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-8","first-page":"3","article-title":"The emerging role of adipose tissue-derived leptin in inflammatory and immune responses in obesity: an update","volume":"1","author":"Constantin","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal Proceedings of the Romanian Academy B"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00269","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in childhood obesity-related bone fragility","volume":"10","author":"Faienza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697370","article-title":"The bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia","volume":"2","author":"Fentoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Dentistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R537","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.2.R537","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 induces leptin production through the p55 TNF receptor","volume":"278","author":"Finck","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12729","article-title":"Periodontitis changes renal structures by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation","volume":"44","author":"Fran\u00e7a","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.208","article-title":"Foxc2 coordinates inflammation and browning of white adipose by leptin-STAT3-PRDM16 signal in mice","volume":"42","author":"Gan","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12390","article-title":"Waistline to the gumline: relationship between obesity and periodontal disease-biological and management considerations","volume":"87","author":"Ganesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00827-4","article-title":"Elevated serum leptin concentrations induced by experimental acute inflammation","volume":"67","author":"Gualillo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.56151","article-title":"Leptin regulates OPG and RANKL expression in gingival fibroblasts and tissues of chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211059418","article-title":"Leptin aggravates periodontitis by promoting M1 polarization via NLRP3","volume":"101","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1457","article-title":"Leptin decreases circulating inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 in mice","volume":"45","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12326","article-title":"The association of periodontal diseases with metabolic syndrome and obesity","volume":"83","author":"Jepsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.72.9.1254","article-title":"Leptin within healthy and diseased human gingiva","volume":"72","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6620","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i45.6620","article-title":"Value of adipokines in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis: comprehensive review","volume":"18","author":"Karpavicius","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02559-7","article-title":"Leptin mediate central obesity on the severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in well-controlled type 2 diabetes and prediabetes","volume":"18","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021393","article-title":"Endotoxin stimulates leptin in the human and nonhuman primate","volume":"88","author":"Landman","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-016-0050-1","article-title":"Circulating leptin level in rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with disease activity: a meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504978102","article-title":"Obesity alters gut microbial ecology","volume":"102","author":"Ley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2015.150030","article-title":"Upregulated leptin in periodontitis promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in periodontal ligament cells","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13099","article-title":"Leptin-deficient ob\/ob mice exhibit periodontitis phenotype and altered oral microbiome","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0644-3","article-title":"The role of adipocytokines in coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Liberale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Atherosclerosis Reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12402","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of non-surgical peri-implantitis treatments","volume":"42","author":"Listl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"6696","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/29795","article-title":"Leptin modulates the T-cell immune response and reverses starvation-induced immunosuppression","volume":"394","author":"Lord","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.02.029","article-title":"Leptin exerts an anti-apoptotic effect on human dendritic cells via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway","volume":"583","author":"Mattioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2014.44.3.118","article-title":"Effects of scaling and root planing with or without a local drug delivery system on the gingival crevicular fluid leptin level in chronic periodontitis patients: a clinico-biochemical study","volume":"44","author":"Meharwade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.72.9.1221","article-title":"Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level","volume":"72","author":"Noack","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585887","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.585887","article-title":"Leptin and obesity: role and clinical implication","volume":"12","author":"Obradovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040681","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus\u2014a review","volume":"13","author":"P\u0103unic\u0103","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140581","article-title":"Salivary and serum leptin concentrations in patients with chronic periodontitis","volume":"86","author":"Purwar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1301678","article-title":"Leptin predicts short-term major adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"49","author":"Puurunen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2017-00226","article-title":"Effects of leptin on the skeleton","volume":"39","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700416","article-title":"Serum levels of resistin and adiponectin in women with periodontitis: the Hisayama study","volume":"87","author":"Saito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of periodontitis on the diabetes-related inflammatory status","volume":"76","author":"Santos Tunes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Dental Association"},{"issue":"S22","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","article-title":"Treatment of stage I-III periodontitis\u2014the EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline","volume":"47","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Periodontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0230-6","article-title":"The endocrine function of adipose tissues in health and cardiometabolic disease","volume":"15","author":"Scheja","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC48","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2015\/12335.5941","article-title":"Association between gingival crevicular fluid leptin levels and periodontal status\u2014a biochemical study on Indian patients","volume":"9","author":"Selvarajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090741","article-title":"The effect of periodontal treatment on serum leptin, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein","volume":"81","author":"Shimada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Periodontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9881422","article-title":"Association between adiponectin and leptin receptor genetic polymorphisms and clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome","volume":"2022","author":"Shramko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Diabetes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC22","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/9490.5115","article-title":"The effect of scaling and root planing on glycaemic control, periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid TNF-\u03b1 levels in an Indian population-to reveal the ambivalent link","volume":"8","author":"Soorya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171214","article-title":"Leptin-induced inflammation by activating IL-6 expression contributes to the fibrosis and hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum in lumbar spinal canal stenosis","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12679","article-title":"Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity","volume":"23","author":"Thanakun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02462-2","article-title":"Impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity in leptin receptor deficient mice: leptin as a critical regulator in NK cell development and activation","volume":"298","author":"Tian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04854-7","article-title":"Obesity as a modifying factor of periodontal therapy outcomes: local and systemic adipocytokines and oxidative stress markers","volume":"27","author":"Toy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Oral Investigations"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines: the link between obesity and osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6660097","article-title":"Periodontal treatment improves serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein in Thai patients with overweight or obesity","volume":"2021","author":"Wanichkittikul","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0148024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148024","article-title":"Leptin and pro-inflammatory stimuli synergistically upregulate MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion in human gingival fibroblasts","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.13591\/j.cnki.kqyx.2022.01.010","article-title":"Analysis of serum lelipin and leptin levels in periodontitis patients in the areas","volume":"42","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Oral Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14092","article-title":"Influence of leptin and compression in GAS-6 mediated homeostasis of periodontal ligament cell","volume":"29","author":"Yong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2728","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801097","article-title":"Leptin promotes monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in human and murine models of gout","volume":"202","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1809","article-title":"Leptin indirectly activates human neutrophils via induction of TNF-\u03b1","volume":"172","author":"Zarkesh-Esfahani","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.19723\/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.003","article-title":"Role of growth arrest-specific protein 6 in migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beijing da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Peking University Health Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2022.04.05","article-title":"Leptin activates the JAK\/STAT pathway to promote angiogenesis in RF\/6A cells in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585917","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.585917","article-title":"The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in periodontal disease and related systemic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"issue":"6505","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/372425a0","article-title":"Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue","volume":"372","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16633\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0395-0","article-title":"Association of circulating leptin and adiponectin with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16633.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16633.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16633.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16633.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:22:21Z","timestamp":1702628541000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16633"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.16633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.16633","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"article-number":"e16633"}}