{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:46:15Z","timestamp":1790635575284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Reversed condition is rarely found in most flatfishes in natural environment, except for some certain species. The mechanism controlling the reversals in flatfishes has been studied in some cultivated species, whereas some have only few cases for the entire family and remain unclear. Here, we report the first record of a dextral (reversed) specimen of <jats:italic>Parabothus taiwanensis<\/jats:italic> Amaoka &amp; Shen, 1993 collected off southwestern Taiwan recently. It represents the second reversed case ever recorded in Bothidae. We aim to provide a detailed description of this dextral specimen and compared to the sinistral (normal) specimens collected from the vicinity.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and transferred to 70% ethanol for preservation. Meristic and morphometric characters were examined for both dextral and sinistral specimens. Dissections were made on specimens to confirm the position of internal organs. Lastly, X-radiographs were taken to elucidate the osteological features.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>As a result, no differences of both meristic and morphometric characters were observed between the dextral and sinistral specimens. Nevertheless, <jats:italic>situs inversus viscerum<\/jats:italic> is discovered in the dextral specimen for the first time in Bothidae and the sixth record within flatfishes.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T09:25:57Z","timestamp":1708680357000},"page":"e16829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["First case of a reversed <i>Parabothus taiwanensis<\/i> Amaoka &amp; Shen, 1993 from Taiwan (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae), with first evidence of <i>situs inversus viscerum<\/i> in bothid"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yo","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan-Ching","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Biology, National Donghwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tah-Wei","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-1","first-page":"279","article-title":"List of the Pleuronectidae obtained in the Bay of Bengal in 1888 and 1889, with descriptions of new and rare species","volume":"58","author":"Alcock","year":"1889","journal-title":"Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-2","first-page":"9","article-title":"First record of sinistrality in Poecilopsetta plinthus (Jordan and Starks), a pleuronectid fish of Japan","volume":"7","author":"Amaoka","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Misaki Marine Biology Institute, Kyoto University"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-3","first-page":"265","article-title":"Studies on the sinistral flounders found in the waters around Japan \u2013taxonomy, anatomy and phylogeny","volume":"18","author":"Amaoka","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of the Shimonoseki University of Fisheries"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-4","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Family Bothidae","volume-title":"Fishes of southern Taiwan","author":"Amaoka","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4702.1.18","article-title":"The lefteye flounder family Bothidae (order Pleuronectiformes) of Taiwan","volume":"4702","author":"Amaoka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-6","first-page":"377","article-title":"Pisces, Pleuronectiformes: Flatfishes from the waters around New Caledonia. A revision of the genus Engyprosopon Crosnier A. (Ed.) R\u00e9sultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. 11. M\u00e9moires du Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, New Series, S\u00e9rie A","volume":"158","author":"Amaoka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zoologie"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-7","first-page":"143","article-title":"Pisces, Pleuronectiformes: flatfishes from the waters around New Caledonia. Six species of the bothid genera Tosarhombus and Parabothus. 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The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. The aquatic resources of the Hawaiian Islands","volume":"23","author":"Gilbert","year":"1905","journal-title":"Bulletin of the US Fish Commission"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2008.02132.x","article-title":"Reversals in two dextral flounder species, Microstomus achne and Cleisthenes pinetorum (Pleuronectida; Teleostei), from Japan","volume":"74","author":"Goto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00596-2","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a Japanese flounder clonal line, reversed, which exhibits reversal of metamorphic left\u2013right asymmetry","volume":"111","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Development"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16829\/ref-17","first-page":"3792","article-title":"Family Psettodidae","volume-title":"Species identification guide for fishery purposes. 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