{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:26:09Z","timestamp":1790299569629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["110-2621-B-152-001, 111-2621-B52-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2621-B-152-001, 111-2621-B52-001-MY2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Domestic cats are important companion animals in modern society that live closely with their owners. Mislabeling of pet food can not only harm pets but also cause issues in areas such as religious beliefs and natural resource management. Currently, the cat food market is booming. However, despite the risk that mislabeling poses to cats and humans, few studies have focused on species misrepresentation in cat food products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address this issue, we used DNA barcoding, a highly effective identification methodology that can be applied to even highly processed products. We targeted a short segment (~85 basepairs) of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (\n                      <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) gene as a barcode and employed Sanger or next generation sequencing (NGS) to inspect 138 canned cat food products in the Taiwanese market.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We discovered that the majority of mislabeling incidents were related to replacement of tuna with other species. Moreover, our metabarcoding revealed that numerous undeclared ingredients were present in all examined canned products. One product contained CITES Appendix II-listed shortfin mako shark (\n                      <jats:italic>Isurus oxyrinchus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Overall, we uncovered a mislabeling rate of at least 28.99%. To verify cases of mislabeling, an official standardized list of vernacular names, along with the corresponding scientific species names, as well as a dependable barcoding reference sequence database are necessary.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T03:26:41Z","timestamp":1708486001000},"page":"e16833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["DNA mini-barcoding reveals the mislabeling rate of canned cat food in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yu-Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Technical Service Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5429-6869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shih-Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsuan Ching","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiao-Yin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16833\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2020.102153","article-title":"The global environmental paw print of pet food","volume":"65","author":"Alexander","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Environmental Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16833\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.18517\/ijaseit.4.4.406","article-title":"Halal cat food for the world market","volume":"4","author":"Amir","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16833\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.02.024","article-title":"Identification and verification of porcine DNA in commercial gelatin and gelatin containing processed foods","volume":"78","author":"Amqizal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16833\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2017.03.030","article-title":"Is raw better? 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