{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:59:47Z","timestamp":1787032787623,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","award":["2022NSFSC1512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSFSC1512"]}]},{"name":"The NASA EPSCoR NNX11AM06A"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensory-motor perturbations have been widely used to assess astronauts\u2019 balance in standing during pre-\/post- spaceflight. However, balance control during walking, where most falls occur, was less studied in these astronauts. A study found that applying either visual or platform oscillations reduced the margin of stability (MOS) in the anterior-posterior direction (MOSap) but increased MOS in the medial-lateral direction (MOSml) as a tradeoff. This tradeoff induced an asymmetric gait. This study extended the current knowledge to investigate overall stability under unpredictable environments. This study aimed to determine (1) whether quasi-random treadmill perturbations with or without full vision support would result in a significant reduction in MOSap but an increase in MOSml and (2) regardless of whether vision support was provided, quasi-random treadmill perturbations might result in asymmetric gait patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty healthy young adults participated in this study. Three experimental conditions were semi-randomly assigned to these participants as follows: (1) the control condition (Norm), walking normally with their preferred walking speed on the treadmill; (2) the treadmill perturbations with full vision condition (Slip), walking on the quasi-random varying-treadmill-belt-speeds with full vision support; and (3) the treadmill perturbations without full vision condition (Slip_VisionBlocked, blackout vision through customized vision-blocked goggles), walking on the quasi-random varying-treadmill-belt-speeds without full vision support. The dependent variables were MOSap, MOSml, and respective symmetric indices. A one-way repeated ANOVA measure or Friedman Test was applied to investigate the differences among the conditions mentioned above.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was an increase in MOSap in Slip (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) but a decrease in MOSap in Slip_VisionBlocked (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001) compared to Norm condition. The MOSml was significantly greater in both Slip and Slip_VisionBlocked conditions compared to the Norm condition (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.011;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). An analysis of Wilcoxon signed-rank tests revealed that the symmetric index of MOSml in Slip_VisionBlocked (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002) was greater than in the Norm condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The novelty of this study was to investigate the effect of vision on the overall stability of walking under quasi-random treadmill perturbations. The results revealed that overall stability and symmetry were controlled differently with\/without full visual support. In light of these findings, it is imperative to take visual support into consideration while developing a sensory-motor training protocol. Asymmetric gait also required extra attention while walking on the quasi-random treadmill perturbations without full vision support to maintain overall stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T03:00:51Z","timestamp":1708311651000},"page":"e16919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The margin of stability is affected differently when walking under quasi-random treadmill perturbations with or without full visual support"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health & Rehabilitation Science, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung H.","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Omaha, NE, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3885-1","article-title":"Visual control of trunk translation and orientation during locomotion","volume":"232","author":"Anson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental Brain Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00101-9","article-title":"Active control of lateral balance in human walking","volume":"33","author":"Bauby","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.12.011","article-title":"Margins of stability in young adults with traumatic transtibial amputation walking in destabilizing environments","volume":"47","author":"Beltran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0583-z","article-title":"Effects of extended powered knee prosthesis stance time via visual feedback on gait symmetry of individuals with unilateral amputation: a preliminary study","volume":"16","author":"Brandt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"143","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170816","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0816","article-title":"Control of human gait stability through foot placement","volume":"15","author":"Bruijn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society, Interface"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49033-z","article-title":"Bilateral temporal control determines mediolateral margins of stability in symmetric and asymmetric human walking","volume":"9","author":"Buurke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-7","volume-title":"Functional movement development across the life span","author":"Cech","year":"2012","edition":"3"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1112-7","article-title":"Locomotor sensory organization test: a novel paradigm for the assessment of sensory contributions in gait","volume":"42","author":"Chien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-9","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavior science","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","edition":"second edition"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/nym5w","article-title":"Notes on the margin of stability","author":"Curtze","year":"2023","journal-title":"OSF Preprints"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.09.001","article-title":"Foot placement variability as a walking balance mechanism post-spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Day","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4274\/tao.2021.2021-3-3","article-title":"Vestibular illusions and alterations in aerospace environment","volume":"59","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turkish Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics1010009","article-title":"Margin of stability may be larger and less variable during treadmill walking versus overground","volume":"1","author":"Fallahtafti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomechanics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.024","article-title":"Frontal plane dynamic margins of stability in individuals with and without transtibial amputation walking on a loose rock surface","volume":"38","author":"Gates","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1903","article-title":"Stride frequency and length adjustment in post-stroke individuals: influence on the margins of stability","volume":"47","author":"Hak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03762.x","article-title":"Strategies for balance rehabilitation: fall risk and treatment","volume":"942","author":"Herdman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85870-7","article-title":"An exploratory investigation on spatiotemporal parameters, margins of stability, and their interaction in bilateral vestibulopathy","volume":"11","author":"Herssens","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.03.025","article-title":"The condition for dynamic stability","volume":"38","author":"Hof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742035","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.742035","article-title":"Aging affects the demands and patterns in active control under different sensory-conflicted conditions","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-20","first-page":"101","article-title":"Assessing the asymmetry of free gait in healthy young subjects","volume":"19","author":"Kaczmarczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.05.014","article-title":"Dynamic instability during post-stroke hemiparetic walking","volume":"40","author":"Kao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896221","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.896221","article-title":"Different types of mastoid process vibrations affect dynamic margin of stability differently","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0195902","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195902","article-title":"The effects of unexpected mechanical perturbations during treadmill walking on spatiotemporal gait parameters, and the dynamic stability measures by which to quantify postural response","volume":"13","author":"Madehkhaksar","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.04.012","article-title":"The effects of walking speed and prosthetic ankle adapters on upper extremity dynamics and stability-related parameters in bilateral transtibial amputee gait","volume":"38","author":"Major","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18075-6","article-title":"Adaptation of stability during perturbed walking in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Martelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.003","article-title":"Walking variability during continuous pseudo-random oscillations of the support surface and visual field","volume":"43","author":"McAndrew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.02.020","article-title":"Voluntary changes in step width and step length during human walking affect dynamic margins of stability","volume":"36","author":"McAndrew\u00a0Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.12.027","article-title":"Dynamic margins of stability during human walking in destabilizing environments","volume":"45","author":"McAndrew\u00a0Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/027836499000900206","article-title":"Passive dynamic walking","volume":"9","author":"McGeer","year":"1990","journal-title":"The International Journal of Robotics Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.05.008","article-title":"Reactive but not predictive locomotor adaptability is impaired in young Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"48","author":"Moreno\u00a0Catal\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.10.002","article-title":"Analysis of biases in dynamic margins of stability introduced by the use of simplified center of mass estimates during walking and turning","volume":"59","author":"Havens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0280535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280535","article-title":"Young, but not in the dark-The influence of reduced lighting on gait stability in middle-aged adults","volume":"18","author":"Naaman","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00131.2009","article-title":"Direction-dependent control of balance during walking and standing","volume":"102","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01680","article-title":"Critical role of somatosensation in postural control following spaceflight: vestibularly deficient astronauts are not able to maintain upright stance during compromised somatosensation","volume":"9","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060326","article-title":"Repeated-slip training: an emerging paradigm for prevention of slip-related falls among older adults","volume":"87","author":"Pai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.08.023","article-title":"Dynamic balance in persons with multiple sclerosis who have a falls history is altered compared to non-fallers and to healthy controls","volume":"63","author":"Peebles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097","article-title":"Sensorimotor integration in human postural control","volume":"88","author":"Peterka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.11.028","article-title":"Limb dominance, foot orientation and functional asymmetry during walking gait","volume":"52","author":"Polk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.010","article-title":"Responses to gait perturbations in stroke survivors who prospectively experienced falls or no falls","volume":"55","author":"Punt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00089.2005","article-title":"Interlimb coordination during locomotion: what can be adapted and stored?","volume":"94","author":"Reisman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919816","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.919816","article-title":"Different types of visual perturbation induced different demands and patterns in active control: implication for future sensorimotor training","volume":"13","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.06.005","article-title":"Dynamic stability during level walking and obstacle crossing in persons with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","volume":"42","author":"Rijken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-018-1855-7","article-title":"Gait stability in response to platform, belt, and sensory perturbations in young and older adults","volume":"56","author":"Roeles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135434","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1135434","article-title":"Sensory organization of postural control after long term space flight","volume":"17","author":"Shishkin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.03.036","article-title":"Assessment of stability during gait in patients with spinal deformity-A preliminary analysis using the dynamic stability margin","volume":"55","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.11.004","article-title":"Postural instability and gait impairment during obstacle crossing in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"Stegem\u00f6ller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2011.12.007","article-title":"Symmetry and reproducibility of the components of dynamic stability in young adults at different walking velocities on the treadmill","volume":"22","author":"S\u00fcptitz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723504","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2021.723504","article-title":"The effects of long duration spaceflight on sensorimotor control and cognition","volume":"15","author":"Tays","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neural Circuits"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.01.012","article-title":"Cognitive-motor dual-task interference modulates mediolateral dynamic stability during gait in post-stroke individuals","volume":"58","author":"Tisserand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Human Movement Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2010.02.014","article-title":"Solutions for representing the whole-body centre of mass in side cutting manoeuvres based on data that is typically available for lower limb kinematics","volume":"31","author":"Vanrenterghem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.03.001","article-title":"Postural stability during gait for adults with hereditary spastic paraparesis","volume":"88","author":"van Vugt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.16919\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148","volume-title":"Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement","author":"Winter","year":"2009","edition":"4"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16919.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16919.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16919.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16919.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T03:01:05Z","timestamp":1708311665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/16919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.16919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.16919","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.3\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.2\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.2\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.4\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.1\/reviews\/2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.3\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.7287\/peerj.16919v0.1\/reviews\/1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"article-number":"e16919"}}