{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T01:23:07Z","timestamp":1776734587347,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nanjing Medical Univertisy","award":["NMUB20220214 to Xi Zhang"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMUB20220214 to Xi Zhang"]}]},{"name":"Universities of Anhui Province Education Department","award":["2023AH050843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AH050843"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Huai\u2019an","award":["HAB202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HAB202305"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009004","name":"Anhui University of Chinese Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023rcyb022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023rcyb022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009004","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Genetic knockout-based studies conducted in mice provide a powerful means of assessing the significance of a gene for fertility. Forkhead-associated phosphopeptide binding domain 1 (FHAD1) contains a conserved FHA domain, that is present in many proteins with phospho-threonine reader activity. How FHAD1 functions in male fertility, however, remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Fhad1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice were generated by CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated knockout, after which qPCR was used to evaluate changes in gene expression, with subsequent analyses of spermatogenesis and fertility. The testis phenotypes were also examined using immunofluorescence and histological staining, while sperm concentrations and motility were quantified <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> computer-aided sperm analysis. <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>ellular apoptosis was assessed using a TUNEL staining assay.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>mice did not exhibit any abnormal changes in fertility or testicular morphology compared to wild-type littermates. Histological analyses confirmed that the testicular morphology of both <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>and <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice was normal, with both exhibiting intact seminiferous tubules. Relative to <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic> mice, however, <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>did exhibit reductions in the total and progressive motility of epididymal sperm. Analyses of meiotic division in <jats:italic>Fhad1<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><\/jats:italic>mice also revealed higher levels of apoptotic death during the first wave of spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings suggest that FHAD1 is involved in both meiosis and the modulation of sperm motility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T08:38:03Z","timestamp":1711701483000},"page":"e17142","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Forkhead-associated phosphopeptide binding domain 1 (FHAD1) deficiency impaired murine sperm motility"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility Clinic, The Affiliated Huai\u2019an No. 1 People\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 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