{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T11:24:11Z","timestamp":1785324251131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yunnan Provincial Grants","award":["Nos. 202101AT070158, 202305AB350006, 202301AS070049, YNWR-QNBJ-2019-295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Nos. 202101AT070158, 202305AB350006, 202301AS070049, YNWR-QNBJ-2019-295"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013800","name":"Liupanshui Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. LPSSYKYJJ202210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. LPSSYKYJJ202210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013800","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Science & Technology Champion Project","award":["202305AB350006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202305AB350006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Pectocaris<\/jats:italic> species are intermediate- to large-sized Cambrian bivalved arthropods. Previous studies have documented <jats:italic>Pectocaris<\/jats:italic> exclusively from the Cambrian Series 2 Stage 3 Chengjiang biota in Yu\u2019anshan Formation, Chiungchussu Stage in SW China. In this study, we report <jats:italic>Pectocaris paraspatiosa<\/jats:italic> sp. nov., and three other previously known <jats:italic>Pectocaris<\/jats:italic> from the Xiazhuang section in Kunming, which belongs to the Hongjingshao Formation and is a later phase within Cambrian Stage 3 than the Yu\u2019anshan Formation. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the sparsely arranged endopodal endites and the morphologies of the abdomen, telson, and telson processes. We interpret <jats:italic>P. paraspatiosa<\/jats:italic> sp. nov. as a filter-feeder and a powerful swimmer adapted to shallow, agitated environments. Comparison among the <jats:italic>Pectocaris<\/jats:italic> species reinforces previous views that niche differentiation had been established among the congeneric species based on morphological differentiation. Our study shows the comprehensive occurrences of <jats:italic>Pectocaris<\/jats:italic> species outside the Chengjiang biota for the first time. With a review of the shared fossil taxa of Chengjiang and Xiaoshiba biotas, we identify a strong biological connection between the Yu\u2019anshan and Hongjingshao Formations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T07:05:15Z","timestamp":1713164715000},"page":"e17230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Discovery of diverse <i>Pectocaris<\/i> species at the Cambrian series 2 Hongjingshao formation Xiazhuang section (Kunming, SW China) and its ecological, taphonomic, and biostratigraphic implications"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Changfei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianguang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"},{"name":"MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 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