{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:41:40Z","timestamp":1740170500151,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720656000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The recommendations of both the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) for the prevention of cancer are important public health tools. These recommendations for the prevention of specific cancers are related to body weight maintenance; physical activity; foods and drinks that promote weight gain; plant foods; foods of animal origin; alcoholic beverages; preservation, processing, and preparation of food; food supplements; and breastfeeding.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrollment in the study. Stratified random sampling was carried out with a convenience sample size of \u2265280 participants. The characteristics of the participants were investigated using validated questions. Knowledge about the WCRF\/AICR recommendations for the primary prevention of cancer was determined using 14 multiple choice questions validated in this study. Group A included participants who answered that cancer can be prevented and that lifestyle is the main factor related to the onset of cancer; the remaining participants were assigned to Group B. The \u03c72 test and Mann\u2012Whitney U test were used to determine differences in the groups. A <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value of \u22640.05 was considered statistically significant. A multiple linear regression analysis with gamma response was performed to assess the knowledge score.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 289 participants were included; 168 (58%) participants were in group A, and 121 (42%) participants were in group B. Using a 0 to 14 scale, the median (P25, P75) number of correct answers was 11 (10, 12). There was no evidence of a difference between groups in sex, relationship status, literacy skills, years of education, occupation, monthly income per person, and BMI. Most of the participants reported that they did not consume tobacco (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 259\/289) or alcohol (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 261\/289) in the week prior to completing the survey.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most of the participants (58%) considered cancer preventable and agreed that lifestyle factors were the most important factors in cancer development. The results also showed a high level of public awareness of some evidence-based associations between cancer and lifestyle factors, such as tobacco use. Some confusion among the public on other risk factors was also identified: waist circumference, a variable related to excess weight, was not identified as a risk factor for cancer by most of the participants, but the consumption of foods and beverages high in calories was identified as a risk factor by the majority of participants. Awareness of cancer protective and risk factors may lead to positive behavioral changes and eventually reduce the burden of cancer.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17593","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]],"date-time":"2024-07-11T07:21:33Z","timestamp":1720682493000},"page":"e17593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cancer prevention recommendations: awareness in a Mexican public hospital"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Trujillo Rivera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0283-0916","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clara Luz","family":"Sampieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Antonio","family":"Trujillo Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children\u2019s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Roberto","family":"G\u00f3mez Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Alta Especialidad \u201cDr. Rafael Lucio\u201d, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2019.20.12.3655","article-title":"Knowledge of cancer risk factors, symptoms, and barriers to seeking medical help among omani adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Al-Azri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"article-title":"Conoce todo sobre el c\u00e1ncer en M\u00e9xico y c\u00f3mo ayudamos. Asociaci\u00f3n Mexicana de la Lucha Contra el C\u00e1ncer (AMLCC) [Learn everything about cancer in Mexico and how we help. Mexican Association for the Fight Against Cancer (AMLCC)]","year":"2023","author":"AMLCC","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827617745479","article-title":"Advocating for behavior change with education","volume":"12","author":"Arlinghaus","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.24875\/j.gamo.20000030","article-title":"El registro nacional de c\u00e1ncer en M\u00e9xico, una realidad [The National Cancer Registry in Mexico, a reality]","volume":"19","author":"Brau-Figueroa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gaceta Mexicana de Oncolog\u00eda"},{"article-title":"Pobreza por ingresos [Income Poverty]","year":"2019","author":"CONEVAL","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-5"},{"article-title":"El Consejo Nacional de Evaluaci\u00f3n de la Pol\u00edtica de Desarrollo Social presenta informaci\u00f3n referente a la pobreza laboral al segundo semestre de 2022 [National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy presents information regarding labor poverty to the second semester 2022]","year":"2022","author":"CONEVAL","key":"10.7717\/peerj.17593\/ref-6"},{"article-title":"World Cancer Research Fund; American Institute for Cancer Research. 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