{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:15:31Z","timestamp":1791292531629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720137600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Maranatha Christian University which provided fund for this research","award":["007\/PRJ-GB\/UKM\/I\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["007\/PRJ-GB\/UKM\/I\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that is the initial cause of the development of periodontal disease by the activity of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB), Interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), p38, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). Unaddressed chronic inflammation can lead to persistent disturbances in other parts of the body. Brazilin is a naturally occurring plant chemical that may have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment based on the natural plant compound, brazilin, is developed in the form of a topical cream for easy application.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim is to develop the natural compound brazilin in the form of a topical cream as an anti-inflammatory agent to reduce NF-\u03baB expression through Imunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, p38, and TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with gingivitis using <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> bacteria. The observed groups included rats treated with a single application of brazilin cream and rats treated with two applications of brazilin cream. The treatment was administered for 15 days. On days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, anatomical wound observations and wound histology using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson\u2019s Trichrome staining were performed. NF-\u03baB protein expression was analyzed using the IHC method. Gingival inflammation gene expression of NF-\u03baB, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, p38, and TNF-\u03b1 was measured using q-RTPCR.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Single and double applications of brazilin cream increased angiogenesis and decreased NF-\u03baB protein expression, in addition to the IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, p38, and TNF-\u03b1 gene expressions.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In a rat gingivitis model, Brazilin cream may function as an anti-inflammatory agent in the gingival tissue.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,5]],"date-time":"2024-07-05T07:03:32Z","timestamp":1720163012000},"page":"e17642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Brazilin cream from <i>Caesalpinia sappan<\/i> inhibit periodontal disease: <i>in vivo<\/i> study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Vinna Kurniawati","family":"Sugiaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology\/Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java,  Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Jeffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry\/Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Naliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics\/Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natallia","family":"Pranata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology\/Faculty of 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