{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T20:03:16Z","timestamp":1788552196216,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41688103, 42288201, 42072030, 42202025, 42372008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41688103, 42288201, 42072030, 42202025, 42372008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB26000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB26000000"]}]},{"name":"BJAST Young Scholar Programs","award":["24CE-YS-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24CE-YS-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>The wrist of extant birds is highly specialized which permits folding of the forelimb in order to protect the pennaceous feathers when they are relaxed. This mechanism is absent in most non-avian theropods and is unknown in oviraptorosaurs because of the rarity of the specimens with well-preserved wrist. Here we give a detailed description of the wrist of two three-dimensionally preserved oviraptorosaurian <jats:italic>Heyuannia huangi<\/jats:italic> specimens from the Upper Cretaceous in Southern China. <jats:italic>Heyuannia huangi<\/jats:italic> possesses a highly specialized wrist with a strongly dorsoventrally compressed distal ulna, a larger radiale angle and a strongly convex semilunate carpal. The morphology of its wrist suggests that the distal ulna would not hinder the rotation of the manus, resulting in the smallest angle between the manus and the ulna being less than 90 degrees. The combination of the morphology of the wrist of oviraptorosaurs and the phylogenetic result indicates functional convergence in the wrist of oviraptorids and extant birds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T09:09:41Z","timestamp":1720602581000},"page":"e17669","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The osteology of the wrist of<i> Heyuannia huangi<\/i> (Oviraptorosauria) and its implications for the wrist folding mechanism"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heyuan Museum (Heyuan Key Laboratory of Paleontological Research and Conservation), Heyuan,  Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heyuan Museum (Heyuan Key Laboratory of Paleontological Research and Conservation), Heyuan,  Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Natural History Museum of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heyuan Museum (Heyuan Key Laboratory of Paleontological Research and Conservation), Heyuan,  Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17669\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1206\/803.1","article-title":"Osteology of Khaan mckennai (Oviraptorosauria: Theropoda)","volume":"372","author":"Balanoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 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