{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:25:37Z","timestamp":1785936337647,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/L01582X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/L01582X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Electric Power Research Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>To develop effective technology that employs electric fields to simultaneously guide valued freshwater fish whilst limiting the range expansion of undesirable invasive species, there is a need to quantify the electrosensitivity of multiple families. This experimental study quantified the electrosensitivity of two carp species that, in UK, are invasive (grass carp, <jats:italic>Ctenopharyngodon idella<\/jats:italic>, and common carp, <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>) and compared the values with those previously obtained for adult European eel (<jats:italic>Anguilla anguilla<\/jats:italic>), a species of conservation concern in Europe. Electric field strengths (V\/cm) required to elicit physiological responses (<jats:italic>twitch<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>loss of orientation<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>tetany<\/jats:italic>) were identified across four pulsed direct current (PDC) electric waveforms (single pulse-2 Hz, double pulse-2 Hz, single pulse-3 Hz and double pulse-3 Hz). Grass carp were sensitive to differences in waveform with <jats:italic>tetany<\/jats:italic> exhibited at lower field strengths in the single pulse-2 Hz treatment. Both cyprinid species responded similarly and were less sensitive to PDC than adult European eel, although <jats:italic>loss of orientation<\/jats:italic> occurred at lower field strengths for grass than common carp in the single pulse-3 Hz waveform treatment. This variation in electrosensitivity, likely due to differences in body length, indicates potential for electric fields to selectively guide fish in areas where invasive and native species occur in sympatry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T07:06:51Z","timestamp":1726470411000},"page":"e17962","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Laying the foundations for selective-fish guidance using electricity: multi-species response to pulsed direct currents"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mhairi","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleiman M.","family":"Sharkh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-02522-6","article-title":"How far will global population rise?","volume":"597","author":"Adam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(90)90216-A","article-title":"Signal crayfish as vectors in crayfish plague in Britain","volume":"86","author":"Alderman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-3","volume-title":"Use of electricity in the control of sea lampreys","author":"Applegate","year":"1952"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1023\/B:HYDR.0000007298.52250.99","article-title":"Selective feeding by three native North American freshwater mussels implies food competition with zebra mussels","volume":"505","author":"Baker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118935545","volume-title":"Electricity in fish research and management: theory and practice","author":"Beaumont","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0380-1330(03)70486-9","article-title":"Response of larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) to pulsed DC electrical stimuli in laboratory experiments","volume":"29","author":"Bowen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Great Lakes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1002\/nafm.10303","article-title":"Optimum electrofishing waveforms and parameters to induce immobilization of juvenile grass carp","volume":"39","author":"Briggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12000","article-title":"Fish and hydropower on the US Atlantic coast: failed fisheries policies from half-way technologies","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conservation Letters"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1139\/f91-101","article-title":"Changes in habitat and microhabitat partitioning within an assemblage of stream fishes in response to predation by Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis)","volume":"48","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-10","volume-title":"Design of fishways and other fish facilities","author":"Clay","year":"1995","edition":"2"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1981.tb03821.x","article-title":"An examination of the fish population in the River Trent, Nottinghamshire using angler catches","volume":"19","author":"Cooper","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1080\/02755947.2015.1074964","article-title":"Shocking results: assessing the rates of fish injury from pulsed-DC electrofishing","volume":"35","author":"Culver","year":"2015","journal-title":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jeb219808","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.219808","article-title":"A mechanical approach to understanding the impact of the nematode Anguillicoloides crassus on the European eel swimbladder","volume":"223","author":"Currie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/fme.12362","article-title":"Use of acoustics to enhance the efficiency of physical screens designed to protect downstream moving European eel (Anguilla anguilla)","volume":"27","author":"Deleau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fisheries Management and Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1577\/T02-055","article-title":"Immobilization thresholds of electrofishing relative to fish size","volume":"132","author":"Dolan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-16","volume-title":"Sea Lamprey control on the great lakes 1953 and 1954","author":"Erkkila","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0006972","article-title":"The response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to insonified bubble curtains","volume":"150","author":"Flores\u00a0Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10641-018-0727-1","article-title":"Preferences of age-0 white sturgeon for different colours and strobe rates of LED lights may inform behavioural guidance strategies","volume":"101","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environmental Biology of Fishes"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-19","first-page":"45","article-title":"Etude de dispositifs d\u2019aide \u00e0 la migration de d\u00e9valaison des salmonidae: barri\u00e8res comportementales","volume":"23","author":"Gosset","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cybium"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1111-9","article-title":"Mapping the world\u2019s free-flowing rivers","volume":"569","author":"Grill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3391\/mbi.2019.10.1.11","article-title":"Predicting the effects of reintroducing a native predator (European eel, Anguilla anguilla) into a freshwater community dominated by alien species using a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"10","author":"Haubrock","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management of Biological Invasions"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-22","author":"ICES","year":"2017","journal-title":"Report of the joint EIFAAC\/ICES\/GFCM working group on eels (WGEEL), 3\u201310, 2017, Kavala, Greece. ICES CM 2017\/ACOM:15"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13769","article-title":"Acoustic barriers as an acoustic deterrent for native potamodromous migratory fish species","volume":"95","author":"Jesus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1002\/rra.2703","article-title":"Guiding out-migrating juvenile Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) with pulsed direct current","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"River Research and Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jglr.2021.09.008","article-title":"A seasonal electric barrier blocks invasive adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and reduces production of larvae","volume":"47","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Great Lakes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118394380.ch52","article-title":"Impoundments, barriers and abstractions: impact on fishes and fisheries, mitigation and future directions","volume-title":"Freshwater fisheries ecology","author":"Kemp","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crsust.2021.100108","article-title":"Exorcising Malthusian ghosts: vaccinating the Nexus to advance integrated water, energy and food resource resilience","volume":"4","author":"Kemp","year":"2022","journal-title":"CRSUST"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110908","article-title":"Selective fish passage: restoring habitat connectivity without facilitating the spread of a non-native species","volume":"279","author":"Kerr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3391\/mbi.2017.8.4.04","article-title":"Effects of vertical electric barrier on the behaviour of common carp","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Management of Biological Invasions"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/fme.12100","article-title":"Incidence of spinal injuries in migratory Yellowstone cutthroat trout captured at electric and waterfall-velocity weirs","volume":"21","author":"Larson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fisheries Management and Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3996\/042015-JFWM-039","article-title":"Effects of electric barrier on passage and physical condition of juvenile and adult rainbow trout","volume":"7","author":"Layhee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-9956-6_17","article-title":"Alien freshwater fishes of Europe","volume-title":"Invasive aquatic species of Europe. Distribution, impacts and management","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-008-9289-z","article-title":"First evidence of hybridization between endangered sterlets (Acipenser ruthenus) and exotic Siberian sturgeons (Acipenser baerii) in the Danube River","volume":"11","author":"Ludwig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biological Invasions"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2000.00538.x","article-title":"The impacts of non-native species on UK biodiversity and the effectiveness of control","volume":"37","author":"Manchester","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1956)86%5b269:TCOTUM","article-title":"The control of the upstream movement of fish with pulsated direct current","volume":"86","author":"McLain","year":"1957","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3394\/0380-1330(2007)33%5b7:RTGUOB","article-title":"Research to guide use of barriers, traps, and fishways to control sea lamprey","volume":"33","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Great Lakes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12003","article-title":"Unintended consequences and trade-offs of fish passage","volume":"14","author":"Mclaughlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fish and Fisheries"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2172\/962147","volume-title":"Influence of a weak field of pulsed DC electricity on the behavior and incidence of injury in adult steelhead and pacific lamprey","author":"Mesa","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2021.106397","article-title":"Behavioural response of downstream migrating European eel (Anguilla anguilla) to electric fields under static and flowing water conditions","volume":"172","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecological Engineering"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270573","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270573","article-title":"Response of upstream migrating juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla) to electric fields: application of the marginal gains concept to fish screening","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1577\/T09-225.1","article-title":"Unintended effects of electrofishing on nongame fishes","volume":"139","author":"Miranda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8659(1978)107%3C135:EOBCON","article-title":"Evaluation of biological control of nuisance aquatic vegetation by grass carp","volume":"107","author":"Mitzner","year":"1978","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2400.2010.00773.x","article-title":"Development of Pacific lamprey fishways at a hydropower dam","volume":"18","author":"Moser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fisheries Management and Ecology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-44","volume-title":"Chicago sanitary and ship canal aquatic nuisance species dispersal barriers","author":"Moy","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.13776","article-title":"Assessing the use of vibrations and strobe lights at fish screens as enhanced deterrents for two estuarine fishes","volume":"95","author":"Mussen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1139\/a2012-001","article-title":"Non-physical barriers to deter fish movements","volume":"20","author":"Noatch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3391\/ai.2007.2.3.6","article-title":"Establishment of self-sustaining populations of non-native fish species in the River Trent and Warwickshire Avon, UK, indicated by the presence of 0+ fish","volume":"2","author":"Nunn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aquatic Invasions"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-48","first-page":"5","article-title":"Prioritizing eel-migration barriers for passage improvements","volume-title":"Eel management: the state of the art","volume":"Vol. 14","author":"Nunn","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00028487.2012.717518","article-title":"Evaluating the effects of electricity on fish embryos as a potential strategy for controlling invasive cyprinids","volume":"142","author":"Nutile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1577\/C09-039.1","article-title":"Behavioral and physiological response of white sturgeon to an electrical sea lion barrier system","volume":"1","author":"Ostrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fishres.2016.03.015","article-title":"A low-voltage electric fish guidance system\u2014NEPTUN","volume":"181","author":"Parasiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fisheries Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jglr.2015.03.004","article-title":"Direct observations of fish incapacitation rates at a large electrical fish barrier in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal","volume":"41","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Great Lakes Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1577\/T08-058.1","article-title":"Lethality of sea lamprey parasitism on lake sturgeon","volume":"138","author":"Patrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2000)050%5b0053:EAECON","article-title":"Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Pimentel","year":"2000","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-55","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R\u00a0Core\u00a0Team","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1002\/eap.1795","article-title":"Selective fragmentation and the management of fish movement across anthropogenic barriers","volume":"28","author":"Rahel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2009.02236.x","article-title":"Effects of food type on diel behaviours of common carp Cyprinus carpio in simulated aquaculture pond conditions","volume":"74","author":"Rahman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-58","volume-title":"Effect of pulse frequency and duration in guiding salmon fingerlings by electricity","author":"Raymond","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-59","first-page":"221","article-title":"Electrofishing","volume-title":"Fisheries techniques","author":"Reynolds","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-60","first-page":"171","article-title":"Use of electrical barriers to deter movement of round goby","volume-title":"Behavioral technologies for fish guidance","author":"Savino","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8675(1994)014%3C0340:REIIOR","article-title":"Reducing electrofishing-induced injury of rainbow trout","volume":"14","author":"Sharber","year":"1994","journal-title":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.3390\/su11102965","article-title":"The role of large dams in promoting economic development under the pressure of population growth","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-63","first-page":"139","article-title":"Evaluation of an electric fish dispersal barrier in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal","volume-title":"Invasive asian carps of North America","author":"Sparks","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8675(1999)019%3C0397:EOAEBI","article-title":"Effectiveness of an electrical barrier in blocking a sea lamprey spawning migration on the Jordan River, Michigan","volume":"19","author":"Swink","year":"1999","journal-title":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470995389","volume-title":"The Eel","author":"Tesch","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-66","volume-title":"Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, A\/RES\/70\/1","author":"United\u00a0Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/eff.12181","article-title":"Environmental and economic impact assessment of alien and invasive fish species in Europe using the generic impact scoring system","volume":"24","author":"Van\u00a0der Veer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15627020.2006.11407365","article-title":"First record of predation by the alien invasive freshwater fish Micropterus salmoides L. (Centrarchidae) on migrating estuarine fishes in South Africa","volume":"41","author":"Weyl","year":"2006","journal-title":"African Zoology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2019.1625300","article-title":"Alternative sea lamprey barrier technologies: history as a control tool","volume":"27","author":"Zielinski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.17962\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biaa090","article-title":"Single-stream recycling inspires selective fish passage solutions for the connectivity conundrum in aquatic ecosystems","volume":"70","author":"Zielinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioScience"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/17962.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/17962.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/17962.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/17962.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T07:07:09Z","timestamp":1726470429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/17962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.17962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17962","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"article-number":"e17962"}}