{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:59:42Z","timestamp":1792292382927,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of CAAS","award":["2017IBFC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017IBFC"]}]},{"name":"The Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["1610242020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1610242020010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Citrus aurantium<\/jats:italic> L., sometimes known as \u201csour orange,\u201d is an important Chinese herb with young, immature fruits, or \u201czhishi,\u201d that are high in synephrine. Synephrine is a commonly utilized natural chemical with promising applications in effectively increasing metabolism, heat expenditure, energy level, oxidative fat, and weight loss. However, little is known about the genes and pathways involved in synephrine production during the critical developmental stages of <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic> L., which limits the development of the industry. According to this study, the concentration of synephrine gradually decreased as the fruit developed. Transcriptome sequencing was used to examine the DEGs associated with synephrine connections and served as the foundation for creating synephrine-rich <jats:italic>C. aurantium<\/jats:italic> L. Comparisons conducted between different developmental stages to obtain DEGs, and the number of DEGs varied from 690 to 3,019. Tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism were the main KEGG pathways that were substantially enriched. The results showed that 25 genes among these KEGG pathways may be related to synephrine synthesis. The WGCNA and one-way ANOVA analysis adoption variance across the groups suggested that 11 genes might play a crucial role in synephrine synthesis and should therefore be further analyzed. We also selected six DEGs at random and analyzed their expression levels by RT-qPCR, and high repeatability and reliability were demonstrated by our finished RNA-seq study results. These results may be useful in selecting or modifying genes to increase the quantity of synephrine in sour oranges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T07:20:48Z","timestamp":1725866448000},"page":"e17965","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transcriptome analysis of <i>Citrus Aurantium<\/i> L. to study synephrine biosynthesis during developmental stages"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Can","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China"},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Fruit Tree Breeding Technology), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenzhou, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xitao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, 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