{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:43:52Z","timestamp":1783723432264,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Onychocryptosis is a nail deformity that occurs when the side of the nail grows into soft tissue, which causes pain, sepsis and the formation of granulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare different levels of kinesiophobia in subjects with onychocryptosis before and after surgery to eliminate this condition.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A descriptive and observational study was conducted with a total sample size of 25 subjects with a mean age of 40.96 \u00b1 18.25 years. The pretest sample was composed of the 25 subjects before the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis and the posttest sample was composed of the same 25 subjects after the surgical treatment of onychocryptosis. Kinesiophobia levels and total scores were self-reported using the Spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Wilcoxon test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples were used to compare the results before and after the surgical treatment. It was observed that in all the items as well as in the total score, there were significant changes in the levels of kinesiophobia, after the surgical intervention for onychocryptosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) compared to the levels before surgery, except for items 4 and 11 in which there were no significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). Before surgery, 0% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported not being afraid of movement, 16% reported mild fear of movement, 8% reported moderate fear of movement and 76% of the subjects with onychocryptosis reported severe and maximum fear of movement. On the other hand, 100% of the subjects did not report kinesiophobia after surgical treatment (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The levels of kinesiophobia were higher in the subjects with onychocryptosis compared to the subjects after having undergone surgery to eliminate onychocryptosis.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T06:50:07Z","timestamp":1725519007000},"page":"e18022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of the kinesiophobia and its pain intensity relationship in subjects with onychocryptosis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hip\u00f3lito","family":"Montesinos-Verd\u00fa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Elena","family":"Losa-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Casado-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Phisiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Navarro-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Frailty Research Organizaded Group. (FROG), Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Health, and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Ferrol, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Cos\u00edn-Matamoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Phisiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Boal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing and Phisiotherapy, University of Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Phisiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Phisiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.7547\/17-023","article-title":"Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with ingrown nails","volume":"109","author":"Arica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.7547\/17-089","article-title":"Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of ingrown nails in children","volume":"109","author":"Arica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2020-0179","article-title":"The influence of kinesiophobia on perceived disability in patients with an upper-extremity injury: a critically appraised topic","volume":"30","author":"Bartlett","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAD.2012.05.002","article-title":"Cauterization of the germinal nail matrix using phenol applications of differing durations: a histologic study","volume":"67","author":"Becerro De Bengoa Vallejo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pny206","article-title":"Kinesiophobia is associated with migraine","volume":"20","author":"Benatto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-019-01504-8","article-title":"Quality of life improvement in aged patients after toenail surgery","volume":"52","author":"Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2014.09.002","article-title":"Ingrown nails or onychocryptosis","volume":"43","author":"Blati\u00e8re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Presse Medicale"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/000155501750376267","article-title":"Chemical matricectomy with phenol for the treatment of ingrowing toenail: a review of the literature and follow-up of 172 treated patients","volume":"81","author":"Bostanci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Dermato-Venereologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-018-0011-2","article-title":"A crosssectional study of associations between kinesiophobia, pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"58","author":"Comachio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2017.03.003","article-title":"The association between pain catastrophising and kinesiophobia with pain and function in people with plantar heel pain","volume":"32","author":"Cotchett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-5-287","article-title":"Chemical matrixectomy for ingrown toenails: Is there an evidence basis to guide therapy?","volume":"92","author":"Espensen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-023-00631-1","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on surgical treatments for ingrown toenails part I: recurrence and relief of symptoms","volume":"16","author":"Exley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4201-3","article-title":"Kinesiophobia and depression affect total knee arthroplasty outcome in a multivariate analysis of psychological and physical factors on 200 patients","volume":"25","author":"Filardo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy: Official Journal of the ESSKA"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2020.05.005","article-title":"Effects of the pilates method on kinesiophobia associated with chronic non-specific low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Domingues de Freitas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-15","first-page":"197","article-title":"Clinical pearl: kinesiology tape for onychocryptosis","volume":"103","author":"Geizhals","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(97)80070-1","article-title":"Phenol matricectomy in patients with diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Giacalone","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.08.004","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the spanish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)","volume":"12","author":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-18","first-page":"213","article-title":"Operative management of ingrown toenail","volume":"42","author":"Heifetz","year":"1945","journal-title":"Missouri Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2016.06.012","article-title":"How to analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, truths and clinical relevance","volume":"13","author":"Heller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Pain"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098673","article-title":"Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Luque-Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2017.1331481","article-title":"Kinesiophobia and maladaptive coping strategies prevent improvements in pain catastrophizing following pain neuroscience education in fibromyalgia\/chronic fatigue syndrome: An explorative study","volume":"33","author":"Malfliet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiotherapy Theory and Practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.7547\/0970389","article-title":"A new Onychocryptosis classification and treatment plan","volume":"97","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Nova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-23","first-page":"158","article-title":"Ingrown toenail management","volume":"100","author":"Mayeaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677108989029","article-title":"Ingrowing toenail: follow-up on 64 patients treated by labiomatricectomy","volume":"42","author":"Mogensen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Orthopaedica"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-92-3-131","article-title":"The Mozena classification system and treatment algorithm for ingrown hallux nails","volume":"92","author":"Mozena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM9030845","article-title":"The treatment of ingrown nail: chemical matricectomy with phenol versus aesthetic reconstruction. A single blinded randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Muriel-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020626","article-title":"Kinesiophobia and pain intensity are increased by a greater hallux valgus deformity degree- kinesiophobia and pain intensity in Hallux Valgus","volume":"17","author":"Palomo-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.01.008","article-title":"Fear of movement and (re)injury in chronic musculoskeletal pain: evidence for an invariant two-factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia across pain diagnoses and Dutch, Swedish, and Canadian samples","volume":"131","author":"Roelofs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13406","article-title":"Onychocryptosis: a long-term retrospective and comparative follow-up study of surgical and phenol chemical matricectomy in 520 procedures","volume":"56","author":"Romero-P\u00e9rez","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-02011-w","article-title":"Identifying relationships between kinesiophobia, functional level, mobility, and pain in older adults after surgery","volume":"34","author":"Sayilan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-200606000-00006","article-title":"Are there gender differences in pain perception?","volume":"38","author":"Soetanto","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing: Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14769","article-title":"Onychocryptosis\u2014decrypting the controversies","volume":"59","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pzab076","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/pzab076","article-title":"Influence of baseline kinesiophobia levels on treatment outcome in people with chronic spinal pain","volume":"101","author":"Van Bogaert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Therapy"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/JDV.17871","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of phenol-based partial matricectomy in treatment of onychocryptosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Vinay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18022\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18022.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18022.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18022.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18022.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T06:50:19Z","timestamp":1725519019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.18022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.18022","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"article-number":"e18022"}}