{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:15:34Z","timestamp":1788473734188,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"An-hui Natural Fund General Project","award":["2008085MH239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008085MH239"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) and their implications in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), shedding light on potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Experimental Design<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Peripheral blood samples were collected from 68 ACS patients, 35 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients, and 30 healthy controls (HC). Multi-parameter flow cytometry was employed for analysis of M-MDSCs, explored with disease characteristics and progression.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>ACS patients exhibited an increased frequency of circulating M-MDSCs compared to SAP patients and HC. M-MDSCs levels demonstrated associations with ACS type, coronary artery lesions, multi-vessel disease, and cardiac dysfunction severity. Higher M-MDSCs levels were found in obese patients. Notably, therapy led to a significant decrease in M-MDSCs frequency. Furthermore, ACS patients exhibited elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> (TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) in the cytokine profile associated with M-MDSCs. Increased expression of arginase-1(Arg-1) was observed in ACS patients, with positive correlations between M-MDSCs levels and IL-6, GM-CSF, and Arg-1 expression. The diagnostic performance of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and M-MDSCs levels varied in predicting the severity of coronary artery stenosis, with TG showing higher specificity, HDL-C displaying higher sensitivity, and M-MDSCs levels demonstrating balanced sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Assessment of M-MDSCs frequency holds promise as a predictive marker for disease progression and therapy response of coronary artery stenosis. The elevated presence of M-MDSCs suggests their potential role in modulating ACS-related inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T07:58:41Z","timestamp":1728374321000},"page":"e18154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Increased CD14<sup>+<\/sup>HLA-DR<sup>-\/low<\/sup> myeloid-derived suppressor cells can be regarded as a biomarker on disease severity and response to therapy in acute coronary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yinsheng","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, East District of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingde","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, Lu\u2019an People\u2019s Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu\u2019an, Anhui Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, East District of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, East District of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741890","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.741890","article-title":"Circulating monocyte subsets are associated with extent of myocardial injury but not with type of myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Askari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22576","article-title":"Association between body mass index and age of presentation with symptomatic coronary artery disease","volume":"39","author":"Atique","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Cardiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-08-662783","article-title":"T-cell defect in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas involves expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"128","author":"Azzaoui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13158","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13158","article-title":"Cytarabine-induced TNFalpha promotes the expansion and suppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in acute myeloid leukaemia","volume":"95","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2250345","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202250345","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the therapy of autoimmune diseases","volume":"53","author":"Bekic","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.10.1193","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina)","volume":"102","author":"Braunwald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919674","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.919674","article-title":"TGF-beta enhances immunosuppression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells to induce transplant immune tolerance through affecting Arg-1 expression","volume":"13","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4HI0517-210R","article-title":"Frontline Science: high fat diet and leptin promote tumor progression by inducing myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"103","author":"Clements","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-01857-2","article-title":"Natural killer cells, gamma delta T cells and classical monocytes are associated with systolic blood pressure in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"21","author":"Delaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1247715","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1247715","article-title":"Epigenetic targeting of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: time to move into infectious diseases?","volume":"14","author":"Gjerstorff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.10.020","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor activity is mediated by monocytic lineages maintained by continuous inhibition of extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways","volume":"41","author":"Haverkamp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"xiii","DOI":"10.1016\/S1937-6448(23)00048-5","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: emerging players in cancer and beyond","volume":"375","author":"Jimenez-Cortegana","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.154711","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: key immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathology - Research and Practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.109955","article-title":"The role of myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells in cardiovascular disease","volume":"117","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240415","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1240415","article-title":"Editorial: myeloid-derived suppressor cells in inflammation and its complications and cancers","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19049","article-title":"Tumour-derived exosomes promote the induction of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by delivering miR-106a-5p and miR-146a-5p in multiple myeloma","volume":"203","author":"Mizuhara","year":"2023","journal-title":"British Journal of Haematology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319720938619","article-title":"Long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome: prognostic role of complete blood cell count","volume":"71","author":"Morici","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2023.07.003","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Nohria","year":"2024","journal-title":"Primary Care"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200914","article-title":"Here, there, and everywhere: myeloid-derived suppressor cells in immunology","volume":"210","author":"Ostrand-Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802740","article-title":"Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: linking inflammation and cancer","volume":"182","author":"Ostrand-Rosenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.012","article-title":"A guide for Gensini Score calculation","volume":"287","author":"Rampidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-018-1220-7","article-title":"CD34(+) circulating cells display signs of immune activation in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Riesinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0311119","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibition facilitates GM-CSF-mediated expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"91","author":"Rosborough","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-023-01527-4","article-title":"Association of immune cell composition with the risk factors and incidence of acute coronary syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical Epigenetics"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2023.08.002","article-title":"Tumor microenvironment, histone modifications, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells","volume":"74","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1159\/000369696","article-title":"Expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10081768","article-title":"Elevated M-MDSCs in circulation are indicative of poor prognosis in diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma patients","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01202","article-title":"Increased CD14+HLA-DR \u2212\/low myeloid-derived suppressor cells correlate with disease severity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in an iNOS-dependent manner","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-03207-4","article-title":"Bilirubin ameliorates murine atherosclerosis through inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and reshaping the immune system","volume":"20","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76843","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20164","article-title":"Ascites-derived IL-6 and IL-10 synergistically expand CD14(+)HLA-DR(-\/low) myeloid-derived suppressor cells in ovarian cancer patients","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23591","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.237123","article-title":"Gr-1+ CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells suppress inflammation and promote insulin sensitivity in obesity","volume":"286","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577253","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.577253","article-title":"Expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients under hemodialysis might lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events","volume":"11","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-33","first-page":"3238","article-title":"Role of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells in AGEs-induced myocardial injury in a mice model of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.1728747","article-title":"Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: a single center experience","volume":"61","author":"Zahran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Leukemia & Lymphoma"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16988","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16988","article-title":"The clinical association of programmed death-1\/PD-L1 axis, myeloid derived suppressor cells subsets and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of stable COPD patients","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5535578","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5535578","article-title":"IL-6 promotes the proliferation and immunosuppressive function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells via the MAPK signaling pathway in bladder cancer","volume":"2021","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18154\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-023-00681-8","article-title":"The role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in liver cancer","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discover Oncology"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18154.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18154.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18154.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18154.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T07:58:50Z","timestamp":1728374330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18154"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.18154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.18154","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"article-number":"e18154"}}