{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:36:38Z","timestamp":1777055798228,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of random route multi-directional sprint training (MDST) compared to fixed route MDST on change-of-direction speed (CODS) and reactive agility (RA), and to investigate the correlation between CODS, RA and short-distance straight sprint speed (SDSS).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 19 collegiate tennis players from Beijing Sport University were randomly assigned to either the random route MDST group (RR group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 9, age: 22.22 \u00b1 2.22 years) or the fixed route MDST group (FR group, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 10, age: 21.90 \u00b1 1.66 years). Both groups completed a progressive load intervention training for 3 weeks, three times a week. The RR group\u2019s random route, mirroring the distance and number of change-of-direction (COD) in the FR group\u2019s fixed route, was specifically designed. The spider run, T-drill, RA test and 5-m straight line sprint test were performed before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both groups showed improved performance in the spider run (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), T-drill (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and 5-m straight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) line sprint test after the intervention. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the improvement of CODS and SDSS between the two groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). The RA of the RR and FR groups after the intervention was significantly higher than before intervention (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and RR group showed greater improvement in RA compared to the FR group. There was a moderate correlation between spider run and T-drill (r = 0.523), RA (r = 0.388), and no significant correlation between spider run and 5-m straight sprint (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). T-drill was moderately correlated with RA (r = 0.347) and 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.321). RA was moderately correlated with 5-m straight sprint (r = 0.551).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Three-week multi-directional sprint training can effectively improve the change-of-direction speed, reactive agility and short-distance straight sprint speed of collegiate tennis players. And random route multi-directional sprint training has better effect on improving reactive agility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T08:55:12Z","timestamp":1729241712000},"page":"e18263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effect of multi-directional sprint training on change-of-direction speed and reactive agility of collegiate tennis players"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui, China"},{"name":"China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Institute of Sports and Health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-1","first-page":"314","article-title":"Multi-directional sprint training improves change-of-direction speed and reactive agility in young highly trained soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Born","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654460","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1654460","article-title":"Application of smart wearable fitness equipment and smart health management based on the improved algorithm","volume":"2022","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000505","article-title":"Multidirectional sprints and small-sided games training effect on agility and change of direction abilities in youth soccer","volume":"28","author":"Chaouachi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002553","article-title":"Are change-of-direction speed and reactive agility independent skills even when using the same movement pattern?","volume":"32","author":"\u010coh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.8.1.52","article-title":"Evaluation of change-of-direction movements in young rugby players","volume":"8","author":"Condello","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410410001730052","article-title":"Tennis ball diameter: the effect on performance and the concurrent physiological responses","volume":"23","author":"Cooke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-7","article-title":"General administration of sport of China","volume-title":"Syllabus of Chinese Youth Tennis Teaching and Training","author":"Department of Youth Sports","year":"2012"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0968-3","article-title":"The effect of angle and velocity on change of direction biomechanics: an angle-velocity trade-off","volume":"48","author":"Dos\u2019Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0174","article-title":"The speedcourt: reliability, usefulness and validity of a new method to determine change-of-direction speed","volume":"11","author":"D\u00fcking","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.036210","article-title":"Match activity and physiological responses during a junior female singles tennis tournament","volume":"41","author":"Fernandez-Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318194208a","article-title":"A comparison of the activity profile and physiological demands between advanced and recreational veteran tennis players","volume":"23","author":"Fernandez-Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i22","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093152","article-title":"Fitness testing of tennis players: how valuable is it?","volume":"48","author":"Fernandez-Fernandez","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815ef700","article-title":"Speed, change of direction speed, and reactive agility of rugby league players","volume":"22","author":"Gabbett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003937","article-title":"Quantifying change of direction movement demands in professional tennis matchplay: an analysis from the Australian Open Grand Slam","volume":"38","author":"Giles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31823f2b22","article-title":"Speed and agility of 12- and 14-year-old elite male basketball players","volume":"26","author":"Jakovljevic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-16","article-title":"Energy contributions characteristics in college males tennis players baseline practice with short distance and change-of-direction. Master\u2019s thesis. Shanghai Institute of Physical Education, Shanghai, China","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-17","article-title":"Study on the effect of multi-directional movement training on the ability of rapid change of direction and the control of body posture of middle school students. Master\u2019s thesis. Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0142","article-title":"Effects of resisted vs. conventional sprint training on physical fitness in young elite tennis players","volume":"73","author":"Moya-Ramon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610039","article-title":"Design and validation of a new tennis-specific reactive agility test-a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Munivrana","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000309","article-title":"Change of direction and agility tests: challenging our current measures of performance","volume":"40","author":"Nimphius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strength & Conditioning Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0223-y","article-title":"Effect of different physical training forms on change of direction ability: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Nygaard Falch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Medicine-Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1080\/026404101300036299","article-title":"A notational analysis of elite tennis strategy","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Donoghue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-0878-4","article-title":"Wearable inertial sensor systems for lower limb exercise detection and evaluation: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2016.1165858","article-title":"Analysis of the distances covered and technical actions performed by professional tennis players during official matches","volume":"35","author":"Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00856-y","article-title":"Metabolic, cognitive and neuromuscular responses to different multidirectional agility-like sprint protocols in elite female soccer players\u2014a randomised crossover study","volume":"16","author":"Raeder","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002232","article-title":"Effects of repeated sprints with changes of direction on youth soccer player\u2019s performance: impact of initial fitness level","volume":"33","author":"Sanchez-Sanchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410500457109","article-title":"Agility literature review: classifications, training and testing","volume":"24","author":"Sheppard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226831","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1226831","article-title":"The plyometric treatment effects on change of direction speed and reactive agility in young tennis players: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Sinkovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-29","article-title":"Experimental study on multi-directional movement training of speed and agility in high-level rugby players. Master\u2019s thesis. Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.10.1.159","article-title":"Agility and change-of-direction speed are independent skills: implications for training for agility in invasion sports","volume":"10","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18263\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2013.823230","article-title":"Effects of small-sided game and change-of-direction training on reactive agility and change-of-direction speed","volume":"32","author":"Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18263.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18263.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18263.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18263.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T08:55:17Z","timestamp":1729241717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.18263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.18263","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]]},"article-number":"e18263"}}