{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:59:16Z","timestamp":1787032756543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Pujiang Program","award":["22PJC094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22PJC094"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The process of aging often accompanies a decline in cognitive function, postural control, and gait stability, consequently increasing the susceptibility to falls among older individuals. In response to these challenges, motor-cognitive training has emerged as a potential intervention to mitigate age-related declines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to assess the acute effects of two distinct motor-cognitive training modalities, treadmill dual-task training (TMDT) and interactive motor-cognitive training (IMCT), on cognitive function, postural control, walking ability, and dual-task performance in the elderly population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized crossover study, 35 healthy elderly individuals (aged 60\u201375) participated in three acute training sessions involving TMDT, IMCT, and a control reading condition. Assessments of executive function, postural control, gait performance, and cognitive accuracy were conducted both before and after each session.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both TMDT and IMCT improved executive functions. Notably, IMCT resulted in a significant enhancement in correct response rates and a reduction in reaction times in the Stroop task (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) compared to TMDT and the control condition. IMCT also led to an increase in dual-task gait speed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and showed a trend towards improved cognitive accuracy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.07). Conversely, TMDT increased postural sway with eyes open (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013), indicating a potential detriment to postural control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that IMCT holds greater immediate efficacy in enhancing cognitive function and gait stability among older adults compared to TMDT, with a lesser adverse impact on postural control. This underscores the potential of IMCT as a preferred approach for mitigating fall risk and enhancing both cognitive and physical functions in the elderly population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T03:12:29Z","timestamp":1729480349000},"page":"e18306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessing acute effects of two motor-cognitive training modalities on cognitive functions, postural control, and gait stability in older adults: a randomized crossover study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binghong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2097-04.2005","article-title":"Frontal and temporal dopamine release during working memory and attention tasks in healthy humans: a positron emission tomography study using the high-affinity dopamine D2Receptor Ligand [11C]FLB 457","volume":"25","author":"Aalto","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-019-0233-2","article-title":"A usability study of a multicomponent video game-based training for older adults","volume":"17","author":"Adcock","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Review of Aging Physical Activity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.10.016","article-title":"Exergaming and older adult cognition: a cluster randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Anderson-Hanley","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.141","article-title":"Dopamine controls the neural dynamics of memory signals and retrieval accuracy","volume":"38","author":"Apitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771553","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.771553","article-title":"Exercise training improves memory performance in older adults: a narrative review of evidence and possible mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Babaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5044","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1736359","article-title":"Working memory","volume":"255","author":"Baddeley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18306\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds331","article-title":"Evaluation of the cardiovascular health study (CHS) instrument and the Vulnerable Elders Survey-13 (VES-13) in elderly cancer patients. 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