{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:35:33Z","timestamp":1790202933931,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31271275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31271275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Inhalation of hydrogen gas (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) as an antioxidant supplement may alleviate exercise-induced oxidative damage and protect post-exercise hydrogen peroxide signaling, which may help mediate beneficial exercise adaptation. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation on plasma nitric oxide (NO) level and its synthesis precursor in professional athletes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted with professional male rugby players for 3 weeks. Participants underwent 1 week of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> supplementation and 1 week of placebo treatment prior to daily sessions of high-intensity exercise training, separated by 1 week of low-intensity training as a washout.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two-way (supplementation and time) repeated-measures analyses of variance showed that NO, L-arginine, and tetrahydrobiopterin levels in the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation group were significantly higher than those in the placebo group after exercise (D6) and remained higher after 24 h of rest (D7). Levels of hydroxydeoxyguanosine and interleukin 6 were lower in the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation week than in the placebo week on D6 and D7. In addition, total antioxidant levels were significantly higher with H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation than with placebo.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inhalation helps to maintain NO signaling after exercise and to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress induced by high-intensity exercise training in professional athletes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T08:52:49Z","timestamp":1734339169000},"page":"e18503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hydrogen gas inhalation prior to high-intensity training reduces attenuation of nitric oxide bioavailability in male rugby players"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9038-5984","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sports and Health 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