{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:59:13Z","timestamp":1787032753345,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Target-Based Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University","award":["PHA6404015S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHA6404015S"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014795","name":"Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PERCH-CIC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PERCH-CIC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Oral ulcers have an impact on 25% of the global population including patients who are suffering from chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments.\n Kaempferia galanga<\/jats:italic>\n L. has been traditionally used for treatment of mouth sores and tongue blisters. However, the wound healing study of isopimarane diterpenes isolated from\n K. galanga<\/jats:italic>\n is still limited.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aims to evaluate the wound healing potential of 6\u03b2-acetoxysandaracopimaradiene-1\u03b1,9\u03b1-diol (KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n ), a compound isolated from\n Kaempferia galanga<\/jats:italic>\n , by examining its biological activities. Additionally, we investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of (KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n ) in formulated mouth gels.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gels at 0.10%, 0.25% and 0.50% w\/w were formulated using sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a gelling agent, and their physicochemical and biological stabilities were assessed through a heating-cooling acceleration test. The quantification of KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n contents in KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gels was determined using gas chromatography. Both KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n and KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gels were evaluated for their wound healing properties including cell proliferation, cell migration, and antioxidant activity (H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -induced oxidative stress) in human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1-ATCC CRL-2014) (HGF-1). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide (NO) production was investigated in macrophage cells (RAW 264.7).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gels were incubated under heating-cooling acceleration condition, the physicochemical properties of the KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gels remain stable across various parameters, including appearance, color, smell, texture, pH, viscosity, separation, and KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n content. The biological studies indicated that the KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n compound possessed good wound healing potential. The 0.50% KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gel exhibited marked anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO production with an IC\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n of 557.7 \u00b5g\/ml, comparable to that of Khaolaor mouth gel, a positive control. The 0.25% KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gel increased HGF-1 cell proliferation to 101.7\u2013103.5%, whereas all formulations of KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gel enhanced HGF-1 cell migration to 94.7\u201398.9%, higher than Khaolaor mouth gel (73.5%). Moreover, 0.50% KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gel also showed a good antioxidant effect under H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -induced oxidative stress.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This study substantiates the significant biological activities related to the wound healing property of 0.50% KG\n 6<\/jats:bold>\n mouth gel for treatment of aphthous ulcers and oral stomatitis from chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T03:16:58Z","timestamp":1734491818000},"page":"e18716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Wound healing potential of mouth gel containing isopimarane diterpene from\n Kaempferia galanga<\/i>\n rhizomes for treatment of oral stomatitis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Anupon","family":"Iadnut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8718-1626","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tanawan","family":"Sae-lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supinya","family":"Tewtrakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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