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Inactivated vaccines are the most accessible type of COVID-19 vaccines in developing countries. Several studies, including work from our group, have demonstrated that the third dose (booster vaccination) of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses. The present study aimed to examine miRNA expression profile in participants who received a homologous third dose of the CoronaVac vaccine. Samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from healthcare volunteers both before and 1\u20132 weeks after the booster dose. miRNA microarray analysis in a discovery cohort of six volunteers identified 67 miRNAs with differential expression. Subsequently, the expression of six miRNAs related to immune responses was examined in a validation cohort of 31 participants <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> qRT-PCR. Our results validated the differential expression of miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 post-booster, with a significant correlation to the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 may target multiple pathways involved in immune regulation and inflammation. Therefore, our study highlights miR-25-5p, miR-34c-3p, and miR-206 in PBMCs as promising biomarkers for assessing the immune response induced by the booster dose of the CoronaVac vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T11:29:18Z","timestamp":1737545358000},"page":"e18856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered expression of miRNA profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following the third dose of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Guanguan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruoyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 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