{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T05:22:21Z","timestamp":1738041741507,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Menopause is an important milestone in the women\u2019s life continuum and is associated with potentially adverse effects, including those related to oral health. This study assessed self-reported periodontal disease in relation to menopausal status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of female university dental hospital attendees was conducted using a validated, self-administered, self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used to categorize the participants based on menstrual period (MP) continuity, systemic diseases and age. Differences between clusters were analyzed using chi-square test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From 112 included participants, three clusters resulted from the analysis: Cluster #1 (37 \u00b1 8 years, no systemic diseases and continued MP), Cluster #2 (40 \u00b1 10, with systemic diseases and continued MP) and Cluster #3 (54 \u00b1 9, with systemic diseases and discontinued MP). Cluster #3 tended to have less optimal oral hygiene habits and more missing teeth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Clusters #1 and #2 insignificantly reported more gingival bleeding, tooth sensitivity and calculus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). Cluster #3, on the other hand, presented with more self-reported oral dryness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Within study limits, clusters of menopausal women with systemic diseases reported high symptoms of periodontal disease that were not significantly different from younger individuals, with the exception of oral dryness.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T08:27:03Z","timestamp":1737966423000},"page":"e18861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clusters explaining the relation between menopause and self-reported periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-2399","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hani T.","family":"Fadel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lujain A.","family":"Qarah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manal O.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Islamic University in Madinah, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Al-Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa S.","family":"Al-Harkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Kassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, AlMadinah AlMunawwarah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3416-165X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osama","family":"Abu-Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Dar-Odeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, 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A cross sectional survey in Al Madinah, Western Saudi Arabia","volume":"18","author":"Dar-Odeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Cl\u00ednica Integrada"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18861\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142565","article-title":"Association of dental caries, retained roots, and missing teeth with physical status, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in women of the reproductive age","volume":"16","author":"Dar-Odeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18861\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.20-0029","article-title":"Association between low bone mineral density and periodontitis in generally healthy perimenopausal women","volume":"92","author":"Gil-Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of 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