{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:33:32Z","timestamp":1791495212659,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82202366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Wu Jieping Medical Foundation Runze Fund for Critical Care Medicine","award":["320.6750.2022-2-34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320.6750.2022-2-34"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["L244067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L244067"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Key Clinical Specialty Outstanding Project"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review delves into the role of Dickkopf-3 (DKK3), a secreted glycoprotein and member of the Dickkopf family, in non-malignant diseases. DKK3 is particularly known for its regulatory effects on the Wnt signaling pathway, a critical mediator in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Our review highlights DKK3\u2019s influence in disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and muscular systems, where it contributes to disease progression by modulating these key biological processes. As an emerging biomarker, DKK3\u2019s levels have been found to correlate with various disease states, underscoring its potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T08:14:26Z","timestamp":1739434466000},"page":"e18935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Advances and insights for DKK3 in non-cancerous diseases: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengli","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxiao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youzhong","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"39","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0294-0","article-title":"Protective effect of stromal Dickkopf-3 in prostate cancer: opposing roles for TGFBI and ECM-1","volume":"37","author":"Al Shareef","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfad262","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad262","article-title":"DKK3 as a potential novel biomarker in patients with autosomal polycystic kidney disease","volume":"17","author":"Arjune","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinical Kidney Journal"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100626","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100626","article-title":"Functional genomic screening during somatic cell reprogramming identifies DKK3 as a roadblock of organ regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Arnold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advanced Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060819","article-title":"Advanced molecular profiling in vivo detects novel function of dickkopf-3 in the regulation of bone formation","volume":"21","author":"Aslan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321744","article-title":"Role of Dickkopf-3 in blood pressure regulation in mice and hypertensive rats","volume":"132","author":"Busceti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00292","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 causes neuroprotection by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"12","author":"Busceti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030815","article-title":"Molecular investigation of DKK3 in cerebral ischemic\/reperfusion injury","volume":"11","author":"Caffo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7249","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2018.8783","article-title":"Dickkopf\u20103 upregulation mediates the cardioprotective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Medicine Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-023-00848-z","article-title":"miR-4739 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in \u201cdriver gene-negative\u201d non-small cell lung cancer via activating the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"46","author":"Cen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cellular Oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20222429","article-title":"The Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway regulates inflammation and apoptosis in ventilator-induced lung injury","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioscience Reports"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147566","DOI":"10.1172\/jci147566","article-title":"The FoxO4\/DKK3 axis represses IFN-\u03b3 expression by Th1 cells and limits antimicrobial immunity","volume":"132","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925s","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520933328","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) signaling in IL-1\u03b1-challenged chondrocytes: involvement of the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"13","author":"Conde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-176","article-title":"The embryonic genes Dkk3, Hoxd8, Hoxd9 and Tbx1 identify muscle types in a diet-independent and fiber-type unrelated way","volume":"11","author":"de Wilde","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082311","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed mrna related to pigeon muscle development","volume":"11","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12144705","article-title":"Patterns of Dickkopf-3 serum and urine levels at different stages of chronic kidney disease","volume":"12","author":"Dziama\u0142ek-Macioszczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84916","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.84916","article-title":"Tubular Dickkopf-3 promotes the development of renal atrophy and fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Federico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation Insight"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.18926\/amo\/59950","article-title":"Dkk3\/REIC, an N-glycosylated Protein, is a physiological endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer in the mouse adrenal gland","volume":"74","author":"Fujita","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Medica Okayama"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1722-15.2015","article-title":"Dickkopf 3 Promotes the differentiation of a rostrolateral midbrain dopaminergic neuronal subset in vivo and from pluripotent stem cells in vitro in the mouse","volume":"35","author":"Fukusumi","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac185","article-title":"Usefulness of urinary biomarkers to estimate the interstitial fibrosis surface in diabetic nephropathy with normal kidney function","volume":"37","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12675","article-title":"DKK3 blocked translocation of \u03b2-catenin\/EMT induced by hypoxia and improved gemcitabine therapeutic effect in pancreatic cancer Bxpc-3 cell","volume":"19","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26313","article-title":"Dickkopf homolog 3 (DKK3): a candidate for detection and treatment of cancers?","volume":"233","author":"Hamzehzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cellular Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1503","article-title":"REIC\/Dkk-3-encoding adenoviral vector as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for bladder cancer","volume":"41","author":"Hirata","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Oncology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02269-4","article-title":"Prediction of urinary dickkopf-3 for AKI, sepsis-associated AKI, and PICU mortality in children","volume":"93","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114815","article-title":"Chemerin-induced angiogenesis and adipogenesis in 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes is mediated by lncRNA Meg3 through regulating Dickkopf-3 by sponging miR-217","volume":"385","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-016-9703-2","article-title":"Expression analysis of Dickkopf-related protein 3 (Dkk3) suggests its pleiotropic roles for a secretory glycoprotein in adult mouse","volume":"48","author":"Inoue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Histology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad071","article-title":"NRF1 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammatory injury by upregulating DKK3 and inhibiting the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathway","volume":"214","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.06.006","article-title":"A multistrain probiotic reduces sarcopenia by modulating Wnt signaling biomarkers in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"80","author":"Karim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2251","article-title":"Knockdown of Dkk-3 decreases cancer cell migration and invasion independently of the Wnt pathways in oral squamous cell carcinoma\u2010derived cells","volume":"29","author":"Katase","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0181724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181724","article-title":"The Dkk3 gene encodes a vital intracellular regulator of cell proliferation","volume":"12","author":"Leonard","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1601599113","article-title":"Axin2 marks quiescent hair follicle bulge stem cells that are maintained by autocrine Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling","volume":"113","author":"Lim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/03936155231169796","article-title":"Effect of secretory DKK3 on circulating CD56(bright) natural killer cells in patients with liver cancer","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"The International Journal of Biological Markers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.20.010403.113126","article-title":"The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease","volume":"20","author":"Logan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402160","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 acts as a modulator of B cell fate and function","volume":"194","author":"Ludwig","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP89453","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.89453","article-title":"Downregulation of Dickkopf-3, a Wnt antagonist elevated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, restores synapse integrity and memory in a disease mouse model","volume":"12","author":"Martin Flores","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00078","article-title":"Dickkopf-3, a tissue-derived modulator of local T-cell responses","volume":"6","author":"Meister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2015.12.029","article-title":"Key role of Dkk3 protein in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation: an in silico identification","volume":"393","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1427","article-title":"WNT and beta-catenin signalling: diseases and therapies","volume":"5","author":"Moon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-015-0711-1","article-title":"Identification of a progenitor cell population destined to form fracture fibrocartilage callus in Dickkopf-related protein 3-green fluorescent protein reporter mice","volume":"34","author":"Mori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.18926\/amo\/54982","article-title":"The downregulation of the expression of CD147 by tumor suppressor REIC\/Dkk-3, and its implication in human prostate cancer cell growth inhibition","volume":"71","author":"Mori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Medica Okayama"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00019","article-title":"Fibrinogen and complement factor H are promising CSF protein biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease with cognitive impairment\u2014a proteomics-ELISA-based study","volume":"13","author":"Naskar","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.016","article-title":"Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling, disease, and emerging therapeutic modalities","volume":"169","author":"Nusse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115980109","article-title":"Dickkopf-3, an immune modulator in peripheral CD8 T-cell tolerance","volume":"109","author":"Papatriantafyllou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjaa046","article-title":"Induction of Wnt signaling antagonists and p21-activated kinase enhances cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.34067\/kid.0000000000000413","article-title":"Association of urinary Dickkopf-3 levels with cardiovascular events and kidney disease progression in systolic blood pressure intervention trial","volume":"5","author":"Peschard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88107-9","article-title":"The emerging plasma biomarker Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) and its association with renal and cardiovascular disease in the general population","volume":"11","author":"Piek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1988","article-title":"A combined bioinformatics, experimental and clinical approach to identify novel cardiac-specific heart failure biomarkers: is Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) a possible candidate?","volume":"22","author":"Piek","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Heart Failure"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172217","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172217","article-title":"Rational design of DKK3 structure-based small peptides as antagonists of Wnt signaling pathway and in silico evaluation of their efficiency","volume":"12","author":"Poorebrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2017.6201","article-title":"Expression of tumor suppressor REIC\/Dkk-3 by a newly improved adenovirus vector with insertion of a hTERT promoter at the 3\u2032-side of the transgene","volume":"14","author":"Putranto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9100322","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers of accelerated sarcopenia in respiratory diseases","volume":"9","author":"Qaisar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.099242","article-title":"Downregulation of Dickkopf-3 disrupts prostate acinar morphogenesis through TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signalling","volume":"126","author":"Romero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.03.330","article-title":"Urinary Dickkopf-3 and contrast-associated kidney damage","volume":"77","author":"Roscigno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2018.1491891","article-title":"In silico studying of the whole protein structure and dynamics of Dickkopf family members showed that N-terminal domain of Dickkopf 2 in contrary to other Dickkopfs facilitates its interaction with low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5\/6","volume":"37","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/cgt.2016.31","article-title":"Novel REIC\/Dkk-3-encoding adenoviral vector as a promising therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer","volume":"23","author":"Sawahara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Gene Therapy"},{"issue":"10197","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30769-X","article-title":"Association between urinary dickkopf-3, acute kidney injury, and subsequent loss of kidney function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: an observational cohort study","volume":"394","author":"Schunk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885018","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.885018","article-title":"Dickkopf 3-A new indicator for the deterioration of allograft function after kidney transplantation","volume":"9","author":"Schuster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031034","article-title":"Urinary Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) is associated with greater eGFR loss in patients with resistant hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00910-1","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 in the prediction of contrast media induced acute kidney injury","volume":"34","author":"Seibert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Nephrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343817","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022x.2024.2343817","article-title":"DKK3 promotes renal fibrosis by increasing MFF-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway-dependent manner","volume":"46","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renal Failure"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065097","article-title":"Distinct transcriptional networks in quiescent myoblasts: a role for Wnt signaling in reversible vs. irreversible arrest","volume":"8","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-023-00739-w","article-title":"A network map of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) mediated signaling pathway in cancer","volume":"17","author":"Suchitha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.2001","article-title":"Preclinical biodistribution and safety study of reduced expression in immortalized cells\/Dickkopf-3-encoding adenoviral vector for prostate cancer gene therapy","volume":"28","author":"Sugimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncology Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.11321","article-title":"Distant bystander effect of REIC\/DKK3 gene therapy through immune system stimulation in thoracic malignancies","volume":"37","author":"Suzawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anticancer Research"},{"issue":"6803","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/35035117","article-title":"LDL-receptor-related proteins in Wnt signal transduction","volume":"407","author":"Tamai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10105-2","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic and gut microbiota modulation activities of probiotic in cardiac remodeling condition: evidence from systematic study and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Taslim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.08.012","article-title":"Urinary Dickkopf-3 and kidney injury in patients with chronic pulmonary disease","volume":"100","author":"Th\u00f6ni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9952","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917608117","article-title":"Development of a therapeutic anti-HtrA1 antibody and the identification of DKK3 as a pharmacodynamic biomarker in geographic atrophy","volume":"117","author":"Tom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57060631","article-title":"Association of urinary Dickkopf-3 with residual renal function decline in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis","volume":"57","author":"Torigoe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn502","article-title":"Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, ferritin levels, metabolic syndrome, and 10-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality: results from the Bruneck study","volume":"30","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.08.010","article-title":"Cell and matrix response of temporomandibular cartilage to mechanical loading","volume":"24","author":"Utreja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis and Cartilage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.20-094","article-title":"Serum Dickkopf-3 level is inversely associated with significant coronary stenosis in an asymptomatic chinese cohort","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Heart Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.13.5.661","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis. A population-based study","volume":"13","author":"Willeit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.03.008","article-title":"DKK3 expression in hepatocytes defines susceptibility to liver steatosis and obesity","volume":"65","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Hepatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03593-2","article-title":"The role of urinary Dickkopf-3 in the prediction of acute kidney injury: a systematic review meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Urology and Nephrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131887","article-title":"The predictive value of serum Dickkopf-1, Dickkopf-3 level to coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome","volume":"403","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Cardiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221123","article-title":"Myofiber Baf60c controls muscle regeneration by modulating Dkk3-mediated paracrine signaling","volume":"220","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01794-5","article-title":"DKK3 attenuates JNK and AP-1 induced inflammation via Kremen-1 and DVL-1 in mice following intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8840","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92613-X","article-title":"Association of serum antibodies to heat-shock protein 65 with carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"341","author":"Xu","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04038-6","article-title":"Dkk3 dependent transcriptional regulation controls age related skeletal muscle atrophy","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027690","article-title":"A cytokine-like protein Dickkopf-related protein 3 is atheroprotective","volume":"136","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-021-10116-w","article-title":"Dickkopf 3: a novel target gene of miR-25-3p in promoting fibrosis-related gene expression in myocardial fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040405","article-title":"Dickkopf-3 (DKK3) in urine identifies patients with short-term risk of eGFR loss","volume":"29","author":"Zewinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2017.11.018","article-title":"DKK3 overexpression attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in an angiotensin-perfused animal model by regulating the ADAM17\/ACE2 and GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin pathways","volume":"114","author":"Zhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology"},{"issue":"20 Suppl 2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinsp.2024.100360","article-title":"Predictive value of glycoprotein DKK3 for early neurological deterioration after ischemic stroke","volume":"79","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.18935\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1680-4","article-title":"Serum dickkopf-3 is associated with death and vascular events after ischemic stroke: an observational study from CATIS","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18935.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18935.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18935.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18935.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T08:14:37Z","timestamp":1739434477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/18935"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.18935"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.18935","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"article-number":"e18935"}}