{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T02:14:21Z","timestamp":1784168061683,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>While exercise is widely recognized for its health benefits, excessive engagement can lead to exercise addiction (EA), a behavioral condition characterized by compulsive and harmful physical activity. Limited research exists on the demographic, physical, and mental health profiles of individuals with EA. This descriptive cross-sectional study examines demographic factors and related health outcomes among clients at a university sports center with and without EA.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A total of 386 participants were randomly recruited through convenience sampling at the Chulalongkorn University Sports Center in Bangkok, Thailand. EA, physical well-being, and mental well-being were assessed using the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Knee and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (QEWB), respectively. Demographic and exercise-related variables, psychological well-being, and knee outcomes were compared between participants with and without EA using Chi-square tests. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of EA.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The majority of participants were male (55.2%), with a mean age of 27.5 years (SD = 10.9). Among the 386 participants, 322 (83.4%) exhibited partial symptoms, and 35 (9.1%) exhibited full symptoms of EA. Full symptoms of EA were significantly associated with gender, exercise frequency, smoking status, hours spent walking, hours spent in other sports, cognitive focus on metabolism during exercise, and poor knee outcomes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Logistic regression revealed that being male was the sole significant predictor of EA (OR = 2.65, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.024).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>EA was prevalent among clients at the sports center and was associated with adverse knee outcomes. Being male was identified as a key predictor of EA. Future research should explore additional factors associated with EA and its effects on physical and mental health.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T08:09:10Z","timestamp":1742803750000},"page":"e19002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Demographics and physical and mental health of clients at a sports center with and without exercise addiction"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rasmon","family":"Kalayasiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chayamon","family":"Rattanawijarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Program in Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University,  Bangkok, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.100.4.1129-1139","article-title":"Intensive physical activity and alexithymia: results from swimmers\u2019 discourse analysis","volume":"100","author":"Allegre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.2.125","article-title":"The pathological status of exercise dependence","volume":"34","author":"Bamber","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-3","first-page":"67","article-title":"Test-retest reliability and construct validity of Thai version of Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)","volume":"31","author":"Chaipinyo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thai Journal of Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01539.x","article-title":"Exercise dependence","volume":"82","author":"De Coverley Veale","year":"1987","journal-title":"British Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.11114\/jets.v5i3.2209","article-title":"The role of university students\u2019 general self-efficacy, depression and psychological well-being in predicting their exercise behavior","volume":"5","author":"Ers\u00f6z","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Training Studies"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4069","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8104069","article-title":"Clarifying exercise addiction: differential diagnosis, co-occurring disorders, and phases of addiction","volume":"8","author":"Freimuth","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.52.5.221-228","article-title":"Occurrence of exercise dependence in a college-aged population","volume":"52","author":"Garman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2004.017020","article-title":"The exercise addiction inventory: a quick and easy screening tool for health practitioners","volume":"39","author":"Griffiths","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-014-0005-5","article-title":"A cross-cultural re-evaluation of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) in five countries","volume":"1","author":"Griffiths","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Medicine Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1469-0292(00)00015-7","article-title":"Exercise dependence: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Hausenblas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19002\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044022000004894","article-title":"How much is too much? 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