{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:49:08Z","timestamp":1777506548978,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Head injuries are a major health care concern that can produce many long lasting cognitive, mental, and physical problems. An emerging literature indicates increased impulsivity in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a recent study, Veterans with clinically-assessed history of mild TBI had increased cognitive, but not motor, impulsivity. Cognitive impulsivity refers to a preference for smaller immediate rewards (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, less willing to wait for larger rewards) while motor impulsivity refers to difficulty inhibiting a motor response. This study extended this work to investigating cognitive and motor impulsivity in a non-clinical sample of putatively healthy undergraduates self-reporting a history of head injury.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>One hundred and sixteen undergraduates, fifty reporting a history of head injury (HI+) and sixty-six reporting no head injury (HI-), participated in an online study via Qualtrics. They completed a series of demographic questionnaires, the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, a computer-based Go\/No-go task to assess motor impulsivity, and a computer-based version of the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) to assess cognitive impulsivity.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>HI+ individuals exhibited cognitive impulsivity, measured as a reduced willingness to wait for a larger delayed reward in the MCQ, as compared to HI- individuals. There were no significant differences in performance on the Go\/No-go task between the HI+ and HI- groups. Overall, these findings that a self-reported history of head injury in a non-clinical sample are related to cognitive impulsivity, but not motor impulsivity, are consistent with findings from Veterans with clinically-assessed mild TBI. Future work should assess more details on head injuries to further explore how a head injury relates to cognitive impulsivity.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:26:12Z","timestamp":1741335972000},"page":"e19057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self-reported history of head injury is associated with cognitive impulsivity on a delay discounting task"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"M. 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