{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T04:15:34Z","timestamp":1744085734458,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TUYF Charitable Trust: Research Capacity through Education and Networking on Epidemiology in Asia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University","award":["1\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Government of Indonesia and UNICEF introduced the <jats:italic>Aksi Bergizi<\/jats:italic> Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) intervention to promote healthy eating and hygiene behaviors among adolescents. However, no systematic assessment of the program\u2019s effect has been made. This study aims to assess the association between exposure to the <jats:italic>Aksi Bergizi<\/jats:italic> nutrition promotion program and hand, oral, and nail hygiene behaviors among secondary school students in Padang, Indonesia.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We conducted a school-based cross-sectional study in Padang Municipality, Indonesia, collecting data from 253 students attending <jats:italic>Aksi Bergizi<\/jats:italic> target schools and 253 students from non-target schools using a self-administered questionnaire. We compared hygiene behaviors between students in the two groups using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>All students reported brushing their teeth at least twice per day, so there was no observable difference regarding oral hygiene. However, we found that students in target schools were significantly more likely than those in non-target schools to always use soap when washing their hands both before eating (75% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 21%; Adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 6.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.96\u20139.19]) and after using the toilet (74% <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 21%; Adjusted OR = 5.74, 95% CI [3.78\u20138.72]). However, there was no statistically significant difference with regard to nail hygiene, <jats:italic>i.e<\/jats:italic>., cutting nails at least once per week.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We found differences between target and non-target schools regarding self-reported handwashing but no differences in nail-clipping. The findings of this study have implications for stakeholders in infectious diseases and nutrition. Future studies should consider ways to reduce social desirability bias and increase the generalizability of the study findings.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19256","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T08:43:14Z","timestamp":1744015394000},"page":"e19256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between receiving the <i>Aksi Bergizi<\/i> Social Behavioral Change Communication (SBCC) intervention and hygiene behaviors among secondary school students in Padang, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ricvan Dana","family":"Nindrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Padang, Bukittinggi, Indonesia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wit","family":"Wichaidit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.124610","article-title":"Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Aiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2020.126","article-title":"Gingival health and oral hygiene practices among high school children in Saudi Arabia","volume":"40","author":"AlGhamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Saudi Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-3","author":"CDC","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthy habits: nail hygiene"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.04.017","article-title":"A fresh fruit and vegetable program improves high school students\u2019 consumption of fresh produce","volume":"109","author":"Davis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575428","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2020.575428","article-title":"Challenges in oral hygiene and oral health policy","volume":"1","author":"Duangthip","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oral Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1177\/17571774221094160","article-title":"Gap between self-evaluation and actual hand hygiene compliance among health-care workers","volume":"23","author":"Hagiya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Infection Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"020436","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.020436","article-title":"Hygiene practices among young adolescents aged 12-15 years in low- and middle-income countries: a population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Global Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4984","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18094984","article-title":"Global variation in hand hygiene practices among adolescents: the role of family and school-level factors","volume":"18","author":"Jatrana","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(13)60012-2","article-title":"epic3: National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England","volume":"86","author":"Loveday","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-10","author":"Ministry of Health\u00a0of Indonesia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Buku panduan untuk fisilitator: Aksi bergizi, hidup sehat Sejak sekarang untuk remaja kekinian"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-11","article-title":"Buku panduan untuk siswa: Aksi bergizi, hidup sehat Sejak sekarang untuk remaja kekinian","author":"Ministry of Health\u00a0of Indonesia","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118505328.ch17","article-title":"Social and behavior change communication","volume-title":"The handbook of development communication and social change","author":"McKee","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.883","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption, leisure-time physical activity, and sedentary behavior among children and adolescent students in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Ndagire","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Science & Nutrition"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-14","article-title":"Oral hygiene","author":"NIDCR","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0434","article-title":"Handwashing before food preparation and child feeding: a missed opportunity for hygiene promotion","volume":"89","author":"Nizame","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsd.2022.100848","article-title":"Evaluating knowledge, awareness and associated water usage towards hand hygiene practices influenced by the current COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh","volume":"19","author":"Rahman\u00a0Zuthi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Groundwater for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E78","DOI":"10.15167\/2421-4248\/jpmh2023.64.1.2900","article-title":"Impact of dental caries and periodontal disease on oral health-related quality of life among the Karnataka State Reserve Police Personnel in Belagavi, India","volume":"64","author":"Santhosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-13-24","article-title":"A cross sectional study examining social desirability bias in caregiver reporting of children\u2019s oral health behaviors","volume":"13","author":"Sanzone","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65\u2013e67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.03.007","article-title":"Comparing knowledge and self-reported hand hygiene practices with direct observation among Iranian hospital nurses","volume":"45","author":"Seyed\u00a0Nematian","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44308","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.44308","article-title":"An assessment of personal hygiene practices among young adults: a cross-sectional, descriptive study","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37080","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037080","article-title":"Oral health status and associated factors among 12 to 15-year-old Chinese adolescents in Southeast China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"103","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-22","author":"UNICEF","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adolescent nutrition programme Aksi Bergizi: from district pilot to national scale-up"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-23","author":"UNICEF","year":"2022","journal-title":"State of the World\u2019s hand hygiene: making hand hygiene a priority in policy and practice"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-24","author":"USAID","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social and behavior change communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6902-2","article-title":"Effect of an equipment-behavior change intervention on handwashing behavior among primary school children in Kenya: the Povu Poa school pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Wichaidit","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19256\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e245\u2013e246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.119","article-title":"A potential hidden reservoir: the role of nail hygiene in preventing transmission of COVID-19","volume":"83","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19256.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19256.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19256.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19256.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T08:43:46Z","timestamp":1744015426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.19256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.19256","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"article-number":"e19256"}}