{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T16:17:36Z","timestamp":1792858656068,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Joint Project of Science and Health in Chongqing Medical Research","award":["2022MSXM058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022MSXM058"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, China","award":["STB2022NSCQ-MSX0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STB2022NSCQ-MSX0053"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University","award":["W0138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W0138"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project","award":["243397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["243397"]}]},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University \u201cDiscipline Peak Plan\u201d","award":["cyyy-xkdfjh-cgzh-202304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cyyy-xkdfjh-cgzh-202304"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Self-harm is an increasing global public health concern, with a growing prevalence in younger children. This study investigates the associations between parental marital status and self-harm behaviors among primary school students, with a focus on the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of classmate relationships.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 33,285 students (grades 3\u20136; mean age = 10.36 years) in the Shapingba District of Chongqing, China, from September to December 2020. Self-report measures included the Children\u2019s Depression Inventory (CDI), general demographic data, self-harm behaviors, and parental marital status. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for descriptive statistics and Mplus 8.1 for structural equation modeling (SEM), assessing the effects of parental marital status on self-harm.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The reporting rates of depression and self-harm in grades 3\u20136 of primary school are 16.3% and 12.7%, respectively. Parental separation exhibited a more pronounced overall impact on self-harm (\u03b2 = 0.120) compared to divorce (\u03b2 = 0.105). Positive classmate relationships mitigated the indirect effect of separation on self-harm mediated by depression, reducing it from 0.098 to 0.072. Additionally, these relationships attenuated the direct effect of divorce on self-harm, decreasing it from 0.088 to 0.043. Depression significantly mediates the relationship between parental separation and children\u2019s self-harm, with direct and indirect effects accounting for 53% (\u03b2 = 0.057) and 47% (\u03b2 = 0.063) of the total effect, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The marital status of parents, especially in cases of separation, has a significant impact on self-harm behaviors among primary school students, with depression acting as a key mediating factor. Supportive classmate relationships can alleviate this effect, highlighting their importance in mental health interventions. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of policies aimed at reducing self-harm and enhancing psychological well-being among children.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T08:57:27Z","timestamp":1743757047000},"page":"e19307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of parental marital status on self-harm in Chinese primary school students: the mediating role of depression and the moderating effect of classmate relationships"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JianMei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinglan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqin","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Center, University-Town Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, GaoXin, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"},{"name":"Psychiatric Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of ChongQing Medical University, ChongQing, Yuzhong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2008.12.009","article-title":"The relationship between child abuse, parental divorce, and lifetime mental disorders and suicidality in a nationally representative adult sample","volume":"33","author":"Afifi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.12.034","article-title":"Multidimensional stress and self-harm in Chinese preadolescents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"372","author":"Ai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099804","article-title":"The influence of parental divorce and alcohol abuse on adult offspring risk of lifetime suicide attempt in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Alonzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.09.011","article-title":"Long-term effects of parental divorce on mental health\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"119","author":"Auersperg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/07067437221111368","article-title":"Childhood adversity and mental health outcomes among university students: a longitudinal study","volume":"68","author":"Bhattarai","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00170-6","article-title":"Friendships and peer relationships and self-harm ideation and behaviour among young people: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"11","author":"Bilello","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e026001","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026001","article-title":"Trends in self-poisoning and psychotropic drug use in people aged 5\u201319 years: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Australia","volume":"9","author":"Cairns","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.11.080","article-title":"Mediating role of anxiety and impulsivity in the association between child maltreatment and lifetime non-suicidal self-injury with and without suicidal self-injury","volume":"347","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2021.040","article-title":"The effects of parental divorce on children","volume":"33","author":"\u00c7aksen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatriki"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1920956","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.20956","article-title":"Prevalence and family-related factors associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-injury in children aged 9 to 10 years","volume":"3","author":"DeVille","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/children9020216","article-title":"Marital satisfaction, family functioning, and children\u2019s mental health-the effect of parental co-viewing","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.02.018","article-title":"Preference for solitude, social isolation, suicidal ideation, and self-harm in adolescents","volume":"61","author":"Endo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30402-X","article-title":"Suicide following presentation to hospital for non-fatal self-harm in the Multicentre Study of Self-harm: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"6","author":"Geulayov","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9834","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60322-5","article-title":"Self-harm and suicide in adolescents","volume":"379","author":"Hawton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X21666230213155249","article-title":"Childhood trauma and self-harm in youths with bipolar disorders","volume":"22","author":"Janiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Current Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v14.i3.398","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm among pediatric psychiatric inpatients in China: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10338","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00173-8","article-title":"Suicide and self-harm","volume":"399","author":"Knipe","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605785","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.605785","article-title":"Depression and deliberate self-harm among rural adolescents of Sichuan province in western China: a 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10623","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182010623","article-title":"A social-ecological approach to understanding the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and suicidal ideation in South Korean adolescents: the moderating effect of school connectedness","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1256","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10493","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10493","article-title":"Association between parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents in Yunnan, China: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.10.017","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for self-harm in adolescents and young adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews","volume":"168","author":"McEvoy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000556","article-title":"Parenting time, parenting quality, interparental conflict, and mental health problems of children in high-conflict divorce","volume":"33","author":"O\u2019Hara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3961\/jpmph.20.004","article-title":"Association between parental marital status and types of suicidal behavior among korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study","volume":"53","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100794","article-title":"Non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese population: a scoping review of prevalence, method, risk factors and preventive interventions","volume":"37","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health\u2014Western Pacific"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2017.04.004","article-title":"The mediating and moderating effect of volunteering on pain and depression, life purpose, well-being, and physical activity","volume":"18","author":"Salt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain Management Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.015","article-title":"Long-term influences of parental divorce on offspring affective disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Sands","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-021-00705-4","article-title":"Predictors of deliberate self-harm among adolescents: answers from a cross-sectional study on India","volume":"9","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-29","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm (and attempted suicide)","volume":"13","author":"Soomro","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-30","first-page":"353","article-title":"Children and divorce","volume":"32","author":"Spremo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.07.028","article-title":"The association between academic pressure and adolescent mental health problems: a systematic review","volume":"339","author":"Steare","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1159\/000525296","article-title":"Developmental trajectories of self-, other-, and dual-harm across adolescence: the role of relationships with peers and teachers","volume":"56","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2007.00601.x","article-title":"Marriages and psychological distress among adult offspring of divorce: a Norwegian study","volume":"48","author":"Storksen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.12.008","article-title":"Marital hostility, hostile parenting, and child aggression: associations from toddlerhood to school age","volume":"55","author":"Stover","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010383","article-title":"What decides the well-being of the relationship between parents and adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Taf\u00e0","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.09.051","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury in rural China: results from a nationwide survey in China","volume":"226","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-8075-4","article-title":"Resilience and self-harm among left-behind children in Yunnan, China: a community-based survey","volume":"19","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843x.111.4.578","article-title":"Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences on the children\u2019s depression inventory: a meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Twenge","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-018-0261-0","article-title":"Parent and peer relationships as longitudinal predictors of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury onset","volume":"13","author":"Victor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-021-00424-z","article-title":"Impact of parental divorce versus separation due to migration on mental health and self-injury of Chinese children: a cross sectional survey","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.2012.00111.x","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm in adolescents aged 12\u201318: a cross-sectional survey of 18,104 students","volume":"42","author":"Watanabe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12665","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12665","article-title":"The association between non-suicidal self-injury and negative life events in children and adolescents in underdeveloped regions of south-western China","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19307\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s44220-023-00050-y","article-title":"A cross-sectional epidemiological study of non-suicidal self-injury prevalence in Chinese psychiatric patients","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Mental Health"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19307.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19307.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19307.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19307.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T08:57:49Z","timestamp":1743757069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.19307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.19307","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"article-number":"e19307"}}