{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T20:18:23Z","timestamp":1789071503071,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of repeated sprint training with one change of direction (RS-OCOD) and multidirectional changes of direction (RS-MCOD) on players\u2019 jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction (COD) ability.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, 15 randomized controlled trials involving 223 players were analyzed. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistic), publication bias (funnel plots and Egger\u2019s test), and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Subgroup analyses differentiated RS-OCOD and RS-MCOD outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>RS-COD training significantly improved countermovement jump (CMJ) (SMD = \u22120.68, 95% CI [\u22121.04 to \u22120.34]), 20\u201340 m sprinting ability (SMD = 0.70 [0.39, 1.01]), and COD ability (SMD = 0.77 [0.39, 1.16]). RS-MCOD demonstrated superior effects on 20\u201340 m sprinting ability (large effect: SMD = 0.97) and COD ability (large effect: SMD = 0.97), while RS-OCOD showed greater benefits for CMJ (large effect: SMD = \u22120.92). High heterogeneity (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0&gt;\u00a070%) was observed in 5 m\/10 m sprint analyses, attributed to methodological diversity and age variability. Prediction intervals indicated potential overestimation of RS-MCOD effects.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>RS-OCOD can significantly enhance a player\u2019s CMJ ability, while RS-MCOD can notably improve sprinting and COD abilities. These findings advocate for the incorporation of RS-COD into training programs to boost competitive performance. However, the effectiveness of RS-COD may vary based on the number and complexity of directional changes incorporated into the training regimen. Among them, RS-MCOD is prioritized for sports requiring frequent directional changes, whereas RS-OCOD enhances vertical jump performance in explosive sports.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T08:51:44Z","timestamp":1747731104000},"page":"e19416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The chronic effects of change of direction during repeated-sprint training on jumping, sprinting, and change-of-direction abilities in players: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Runzhou","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central South University, School of Humanities, Changsha, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12616","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182312616","article-title":"The effect of differential repeated sprint training on physical performance in female basketball players: a pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Arede","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.996182","article-title":"Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 2)","volume":"33","author":"Attene","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00262","article-title":"Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players (Part 2): the chronic effects of multidirection and of one change of direction are comparable in terms of physiological and performance responses","volume":"7","author":"Attene","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003369","article-title":"A single session of straight line and change-of-direction sprinting per week does not lead to different fitness improvements in elite young soccer players","volume":"36","author":"Beato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2019-0040","article-title":"Short-term repeated-sprint training (straight sprint vs. changes of direction) in soccer players","volume":"70","author":"Beato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.2165\/11590560-000000000-00000","article-title":"Repeated-sprint ability\u2014part II","volume":"41","author":"Bishop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-7","first-page":"314","article-title":"Multi-directional sprint training improves change-of-direction speed and reactive agility in young highly trained soccer players","volume":"15","author":"Born","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Science and Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218214","article-title":"Effects of a 12-week change-of-direction sprints training program on selected physical and physiological parameters in professional basketball male players","volume":"17","author":"Brini","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-022-00551-w","article-title":"Impact of combined versus single-mode training programs based on drop jump and specific multidirectional repeated sprint on bio-motor ability adaptations: a parallel study design in professional basketball players","volume":"14","author":"Brini","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine & Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0283026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283026","article-title":"Neuromuscular and balance adaptations following basketball-specific training programs based on combined drop jump and multidirectional repeated sprint versus multidirectional plyometric training","volume":"18","author":"Brini","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2021-0019","article-title":"Variation in lower limb power and three point shot performance following repeated sprints: one vs. five changes of direction in male basketball players","volume":"77","author":"Brini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838120-00007","article-title":"Understanding change of direction ability in sport: a review of resistance training studies","volume":"38","author":"Brughelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1249620","article-title":"Physiological responses to shuttle repeated-sprint running","volume":"31","author":"Buchheit","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2012.658079","article-title":"Repeated sprints with directional changes: do angles matter?","volume":"30","author":"Buchheit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01220.2005","article-title":"Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance","volume":"100","author":"Burgomaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-16","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"Vol. 4","author":"Chandler","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-17","article-title":"Study on the effect of multi-direction repeated sprint running training on YOYO test scores and cognitive ability of children","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Master\u2019s degree thesis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2017.64587","article-title":"Specific physical trainability in elite young soccer players: efficiency over 6 weeks\u2019 in-season training","volume":"34","author":"Chtara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biology of Sport"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142","article-title":"Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"10","author":"Cumpston","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"178","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apunts.2012.11.001","article-title":"Physiological and neuromuscular responses in the shuttle and straight line-repeated sprint running","volume":"48","author":"Dal\u00a0Pupo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Apunts Medicina de L\u2019Esport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318220b4ff","article-title":"High-intensity interval training vs. repeated-sprint training in tennis","volume":"26","author":"Fernandez-Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.112094","article-title":"Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance","volume":"575","author":"Gibala","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal de Physiologie"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-23","first-page":"2073","volume-title":"Essentials of strength training and conditioning","volume":"Vol. 48(10)","author":"Haff","year":"2016","edition":"4"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00199","article-title":"Differential training facilitates early consolidation in motor learning","volume":"10","author":"Henz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0189","article-title":"Repeated sprints, high-intensity interval training, small-sided games: theory and application to field sports","volume":"9","author":"Hoffmann\u00a0Jr","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology & Performance"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-27","article-title":"Muscular activity in conventional and differential back squat exercise","author":"Horst","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0000000000004955","article-title":"Effects of 2 combined training protocols on the aerobic and anaerobic fitness, technical skills, and psychophysiological responses in young soccer players","volume":"39","author":"Kilit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","article-title":"Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework","volume":"17","author":"McKay","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"8","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5114\/jhk\/189691","article-title":"Effects of on-court tennis training combined with HIIT versus RST on aerobic capacity, speed, agility, jumping ability, and internal loads in young tennis players","volume":"95","author":"Morais","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.23736\/S0022-4707.22.13521-8","article-title":"The effects of repeated sprint training with versus without change of direction on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players","volume":"63","author":"Negra","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3233\/IES-202231","article-title":"Effect of repeated sprint training on isokinetic strength parameters in youth soccer players","volume":"29","author":"Ozgunen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Isokinetics and Exercise Science"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00133","article-title":"Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: multi-direction vs. one-change of direction (Part 1)","volume":"7","author":"Padulo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2014.992936","article-title":"Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players: one vs. two changes of direction (Part 1)","volume":"33","author":"Padulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2020.10.003","article-title":"Sprint and jump performances in highly trained young soccer players of different chronological age: effects of linear VS. change-of-direction sprint training","volume":"19","author":"Pavillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210000223","article-title":"A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism","volume":"82","author":"Rodas","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131150-00003","article-title":"Long-term metabolic and skeletal muscle adaptations to short-sprint training: implications for sprint training and tapering","volume":"31","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7080189","article-title":"Effects of linear versus changes of direction repeated sprints on intermittent high intensity running performance in high-level junior football players over an entire season: a randomized trial","volume":"7","author":"Sagelv","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002232","article-title":"Effects of repeated sprints with changes of direction on youth soccer player\u2019s performance: impact of initial fitness level","volume":"33","author":"Sanchez-Sanchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-819945","article-title":"Neural, metabolic, and performance adaptations to four weeks of high intensity sprint-interval training in trained cyclists","volume":"25","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-42","article-title":"Experimental study on the effect of multi-direction repeated sprinting and running training on the physical fitness of senior pupils","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Master\u2019s degree thesis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"047","DOI":"10.22190\/FUPES220216005S","article-title":"The relationship between jump performance, speed and cod speed in elite female soccer players","volume":"20","author":"Stankovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.134761","article-title":"Effects of linear and change of direction high-intensity interval training on physical performance of elite female soccer players","volume":"41","author":"Stankovi\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biology of Sport"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0608","article-title":"Two weeks of repeated-sprint training in soccer: to turn or not to turn?","volume":"11","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0324-9","article-title":"The effects of repeated-sprint training on field-based fitness measures: a meta-analysis of controlled and non-controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0772-5","article-title":"Activity demands during multi-directional team sports: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01959-1","article-title":"The effects of repeated-sprint training on physical fitness and physiological adaptation in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Thurlow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000881","article-title":"The application of repeated-sprint training","author":"Thurlow","year":"2025","journal-title":"Strength & Conditioning Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01853-w","article-title":"The acute demands of repeated-sprint training on physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in team sport athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Thurlow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-51","first-page":"700","article-title":"Effects of reentry repeated sprint training on athletic ability and lower limb muscle explosive power of adolescent basketball players","volume":"39","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hubei Sports Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-52","first-page":"29","article-title":"The effect of repeated agility training vs. repeated sprint training on elite female soccer players\u2019 physical performance","volume":"19","author":"Young","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kinesiologia Slovenica"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001710","article-title":"Performance and metabolic demand of a new repeated-sprint ability test in basketball players: does the number of changes of direction matter?","volume":"31","author":"Zagatto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-54","article-title":"The difference of the effect of rapid stretching compound training and repeated sprinting training on the sprint ability of young football players","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Master\u2019s degree thesis"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19416\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18263","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18263","article-title":"The effect of multi-directional sprint training on change-of-direction speed and reactive agility of collegiate tennis players","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"}],"container-title":["PeerJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19416.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19416.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19416.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19416.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T08:51:51Z","timestamp":1747731111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/peerj.com\/articles\/19416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.7717\/peerj.19416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.19416","archive":["CLOCKSS","LOCKSS","Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2167-8359"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2167-8359","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"article-number":"e19416"}}