{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T04:10:19Z","timestamp":1749096619033,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Effective airway management training for anesthesiology trainees remains crucial for patient safety. While simulation-based education has shown promise, incorporating physiological parameters into training scenarios could enhance learning outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of incorporating non-hypoxic apnea duration awareness in simulation-based airway management education for anesthesiology trainees.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This quasi-experimental study (ChiCTR2200065877) was conducted at Shanghai General Hospital from December 2022 to March 2023. Thirty anesthesiology undergraduates were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, which received non-hypoxic apnea duration information, or a conventional training group. Performance was assessed using a modified Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) score and a satisfaction questionnaire. The intervention group was provided with specific non-hypoxic apnea duration data (247 s until SpO2 reached 90%) during simulated difficult airway scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher modified DOPS scores (51.4 \u00b1\u00a04.4 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 43.0 \u00b1\u00a05.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and satisfaction scores (45.0 \u00b1\u00a01.4 <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> 43.1 \u00b1\u00a0 2.0, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005). Notable improvements were observed in pre-anesthesia preparation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.028), difficult airway management (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and crisis response (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). These findings suggest that incorporating non-hypoxic apnea duration awareness enhances clinical skills and trainee satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Incorporating non-hypoxic apnea duration awareness into simulation-based airway management training significantly enhances both clinical skills and trainee satisfaction. This approach shows promise for improving critical aspects of airway management education.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T08:55:08Z","timestamp":1749027308000},"page":"e19555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advancing anesthesiology trainee proficiency in airway management <i>via<\/i> simulation-based training: a non-hypoxic apnea duration approach"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lijun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianhua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinbao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pain Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"4443","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i13","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aew129","article-title":"Is it time for airway management education to be mandatory?","volume":"117","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342004","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1342004","article-title":"Evaluating pre-anesthesia assessment performance in residency: the reliability of standardized patient methods","volume":"11","author":"Besnier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-3","first-page":"109","article-title":"Assessment tools for the evaluation of simulation-based competency in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: an integrative review","volume":"91","author":"Beutler Crawford","year":"2023","journal-title":"The AANA Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1251-7","article-title":"The reliability of a portfolio of workplace-based assessments in anesthesia training","volume":"66","author":"Castanelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31829a365d","article-title":"Mastery learning for health professionals using technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.7717\/peerj.19555\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer058","article-title":"Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. 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