{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T00:03:17Z","timestamp":1756425797228,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"PeerJ","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guizhou Provincial","award":["QKH-J[2022]YB612"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-J[2022]YB612"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018YFC1004300","2018YFC1004302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1004300","2018YFC1004302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science & Technology Program of Guizhou Province, China","award":["QKHHBZ [2020]3002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKHHBZ [2020]3002"]}]},{"name":"City School Joint Foundation Project","award":["QKH-PTRC[2020]-018","ZYKH-HZ-Z[2021]292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-PTRC[2020]-018","ZYKH-HZ-Z[2021]292"]}]},{"name":"City School Joint Foundation Project","award":["QKH-PTRC[2019]-003","ZYKH-HZ-Z[2020]64"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-PTRC[2019]-003","ZYKH-HZ-Z[2020]64"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Foundation for Doctors of Zunyi Medical University","award":["QKH-PTRC[2019]-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-PTRC[2019]-032"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005329","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["QKH-J[2020]1Y358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QKH-J[2020]1Y358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Education Reform Project","award":["SJJG2022-02-166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SJJG2022-02-166"]}]},{"name":"High-level innovative talents in Guizhou Province","award":["GCC[2022]039-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCC[2022]039-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The impact of socioeconomic status on disease is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and socioeconomic status (SES) has been less studied and remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SES and GDM.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>All participants were selected from a prospective study on maternal and infant health in Zunyi City, China, between 2020 and 2022. Data on educational attainment, occupation, and household income were collected through standard questionnaires administered during face-to-face interviews. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), evaluating the association between GDM and SES\u2014a composite measure comprising educational attainment, occupational status, and household monthly income.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Among 5,868 participants, 690 women (11.8%) were diagnosed with GDM. After adjusting for potential confounders, no significant association was observed between educational attainment and GDM prevalence. Compared to public sector employees, women engaged in private sector occupations, freelancing, or farming exhibited a lower GDM risk. Household monthly income demonstrated a significant positive correlation with GDM incidence. Stratified analyses revealed distinct age-related patterns: higher education attainment was associated with reduced GDM risk in women aged &gt;35 years, while occupational influences on GDM were more pronounced in this age group. Conversely, income effects were stronger among women aged \u226435 years. BMI stratification further indicated that occupational factors predominantly affected GDM risk in underweight women (BMI &lt;18.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), whereas income exhibited stronger associations in women with BMI \u226518.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Our study revealed a significant association SES and GDM development. Among household income and occupation emerged as stronger predictor of GDM to educational attainment in Zunyi City, Guizhou province, China.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:11:47Z","timestamp":1756368707000},"page":"e19782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socioeconomic status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among pregnant women in Zunyi, China"],"prefix":"10.7717","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Medical University, 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